PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO3 and Al(OH)3

We investigate the PAN dust explosion inhibition behaviors of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃ in a 20 L spherical explosion system and a transparent pipe explosion propagation test system. The results show that, in the standard 20 L spherical explosion system, the highest PAN dust explosion concentration is 500 g/m³, the maximum explosion pressure is 0.661 MPa, and the maximum explosion pressure increase rate is 31.64 MPa/s; adding 50% NaHCO₃ and 60% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion. In the DN0.15 m transparent pipe explosion propagation test system, for 500 g/m³ PAN dust, the initial explosion flame velocity is 102 m/s, the initial pressure is 0.46 MPa, and the initial temperature is 967 °C; adding 60% NaHCO₃ and 70% Al(OH)₃ can totally inhibit PAN dust explosion flames. Through FTIR and TG analyses, we obtain the explosion products and pyrolysis patterns of the explosion products of PAN dust, NaHCO₃, and Al(OH)₃. On this basis, we also summarize the PAN dust explosion inhibition mechanisms of NaHCO₃ and Al(OH)₃.     

Research on the degradation mechanism of pyridine in drinking water by dielectric barrier discharge

Pyridine, an important chemical raw material, is widely used in industry, for example in textiles,leather, printing, dyeing, etc. In this research, a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) system was developed to remove pyridine, as a representative type of nitrogen heterocyclic compound in drinking water. First, the influence of the active species inhibitors tertiary butanol alcohol(TBA),HCO_3~-, and CO_3~(2-)on the degradation rate of pyridine was investigated to verify the existence of active species produced by the strong ionization discharge in the system. The intermediate and final products generated in the degradation process of pyridine were confirmed and analyzed through a series of analytical techniques, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry(LC–MS), high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), ion chromatography(IC), total organic carbon(TOC) analysis, ultraviolet(UV) spectroscopy, etc. The results showed that the degradation of pyridine was mainly due to the strong oxidizing power of ozone and hydroxyl radical produced by the DBD system. Several intermediate products including 3-hydroxyl pyridine, fumaric acid, 2, 3-dihydroxypyridine, and oxalic acid were detected. Nitrogen was removed from the pyridine molecule to form nitrate. Through analysis of the degradation mechanism of pyridine, the oxidation pathway was deduced. The study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of DBD strong ionization discharge in treatment of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds in drinking water.     

新型灌浆添加剂的研究与开发

矿井火灾是煤矿的重大灾害之一 ,在我国造成了严重的经济损失和人员伤亡。黄泥灌浆是防止煤矿自然发火应用最广泛的技术之一 ,但存在着泥浆脱水性差、阻化效果不稳定、与民争地等不足之处。因此 ,笔者提出了一种新的改进方法 ,利用阻化剂技术 ,开展了灌浆添加剂的开发和研究工作 ,最终研制成功了以吸湿性无机盐为基料 ,以多种功能表面活性剂为辅料的新型灌浆添加剂。通过阻化实验、保水实验和堵漏风性能实验表明 :在泥浆中添加少量的该灌浆添加剂 ,可大幅度提高泥浆的阻化效果和保湿性能 ;而当泥浆中的添加剂浓度仅为 5 %时 ,泥浆的阻化率可达到 80 %以上。同时 ,含有该添加剂的泥浆 ,其堵漏风性能并无明显降低。     

徐州、常州市尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究

针对徐州、常州市资源型缺水和水质型缺水的不同特点,分别进行了尾水用于循环冷却水的可行性研究。徐州市三八河污水处理厂、常州市城北污水处理厂和武进城区污水处理厂的尾水加入三聚磷酸钠 锌盐缓蚀剂后,腐蚀速率分别为0.001412￣0.004521mm·a-1,0.001925mm·a-1和0.006380mm·a-1,远低于国家制定的循环冷却水系统循环水对金属的腐蚀性要求(<0.125mm·a-1)。当试验的温度较低时,形成的磷酸盐垢很少,当温度高达70℃左右时,此配方的缓蚀剂还要和有效的阻垢剂PBTCA等联合使用。城市污水处理厂尾水回用于工业冷却水,在经济和社会可持续发展上明显优于地下水,是一种较为现实可靠的利用途径。     

尾水用于循环冷却水的主要障碍和防腐试验研究

工业用水中循环冷却水要占到60%～80%,国内外城市尾水多回用于循环冷却水系统.循环冷却水系统产生的问题主要有结垢,设备腐蚀和细菌粘泥等.试验研究表明,徐州市三八河污水厂的尾水在经过一定的防腐措施后,可以用作循环冷却水,缓蚀剂可以选用目前使用广泛而且经济的三聚磷酸钠 Zn盐,当试验的温度较低(低于65℃)时,形成的磷酸盐垢很少,当温度高达70℃左右时,需要缓蚀剂和阻垢剂联合使用以提高系统的阻垢效应.     

中国煤矿火灾的防治

分析了中国煤矿历年火灾与安全技术工程的关系,火灾类别、发火部位、与频率的统计;介绍了煤矿内外因火灾防治方法的沿革与发展,包括注浆、阻化剂、均压防灭火,注氮情化防火,高泡、燃油惰气灭火等的实例与成效。     

IMC-932-H除氧缓蚀阻垢杀菌剂对水环境质量影响的安全性评估

依据美国环境保护局工业环境实验室提出的多介质环境目标值（MEG）及其综合排放指数对IMC-932-H除氧缓蚀阻垢杀菌剂在使用过程中一旦泄漏或排放,可能对水环境质量、人体健康和生态系统产生的影响进行了安全性评估。     

酸雾抑制剂的研究

针对酸洗中酸雾污染的问题，采用加入抑雾剂的方法治理酸雾。利用大气采样中和滴定法和失重法测量抑雾率和缓蚀率。     

Fe(OH)_2在湍流扩散火焰中抑制效果的CMC模拟研究

采用条件矩封闭模型(CMC)数值模拟了Fe(OH)2在湍流射流火焰中的灭火性能,计算结果表明该灭火添加剂在湍流燃烧中对H、OH和O的最大抑制效果要比层流下分别高出40%,10%,15%,其原因在于湍流扩散作用加强了某些不良输运特性组分的扩散,使得灭火添加剂的效果更强。不同Re数下的局部Damkholer数分布表明该灭火添加剂使得火焰变的不稳定,稳定燃烧位置沿轴向方向提高了3倍喷口直径的距离。     

脲酶抑制剂NBPT提前施用对尿素水解和氨挥发的影响

采用室内模拟培养试验,研究了脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)比尿素提前施用不同天数(1、3、5 d)对土壤尿素残留量、铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)含量、脲酶活性及氨(NH_3)挥发的影响。结果表明,提前3 d施用NBPT效果最优,能使整个培养期(0~20 d)土壤脲酶活性保持较低水平,土壤中尿素完全水解的时间由单施尿素的7 d延长至15~20 d,可使土壤在培养末期(20 d)保持较高水平的NH+4-N含量,同时使NH_3挥发峰值出现时间比单施尿素推迟4 d、峰值强度降低74.5%、培养期内NH_3~-N累积挥发量降低53.5%。