Enhanced and irreversible sorption of pesticide pyrimethanil by soil amended with biochars

Biochar derived from partial combustion of vegetation is ubiquitous and potentially effective in sequestration of environmental contaminants.Biochars were prepared by burning of red gum(Eucalyptus spp.) woodchips at 450 and 850°C(labeled as BC450 and BC850).These two biochars were found to possess markedly different properties in terms of surface area and porosity.Short-term equilibration tests(24 hr) were conducted to assess the sorption-desorption behavior of pyrimethanil in the soil amended with various amounts of biochar of each type,with a special focus on the desorption behavior of the sorbed pesticide through four times successive desorption by dilution.Sorption coefficient and isotherm nonlinearity of the amended soils progressively increased with the content of biochar in the soil.Biochar BC850 with higher surface area and microporosity showed a stronger effect on the reversibility of sorption pesticide.The soils amended with 5% BC450 and 1% BC850 had nearly the same sorption capacity for pyrimethanil;however,their desorption processes were very different with 13.65% and 1.49% of the sorbed pesticide being released,respectively.This study suggested that biochar in soil could be an important factor for immobilization of a pesticide and thus affecting its environment fate in soil.     

生物炭输入对土壤污染物迁移行为的影响

重点综述了生物炭输入对土壤中污染物的吸附固持作用及生物有效性的影响,分析其作为土壤添加剂消减土壤污染风险的有效性,为生物炭在土壤中的应用研究提供依据。     

3种生物质炭对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附简

选择由玉米秸秆、稻壳和稻草秸秆在825℃制成的生物质炭作为吸附剂，通过模拟实验，研究其对溶液中活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附特性，考察了pH值、时间、溶液初始浓度和生物质炭用量对吸附效果的影响。结果表明，当pH为2.0时，玉米秸秆炭和稻壳炭对活性艳蓝的吸附量均达到最大，而pH对稻草秸秆炭的影响不大；三者达到吸附平衡的时间分别为180、300和360 min，最大吸附量分别为114.05、54.60和68.19 mg/g。等温吸附过程可以用Langmuir方程来描述；动力学实验表明，吸附过程更符合拟二级动力学模型；热力学数据分析发现，吸附过程是自发进行的吸热过程。     

生物炭修复Cd,Pb污染土壤的研究进展

随着矿产开采、冶炼等工业活动以及污水灌溉、施用污泥和劣质化肥等农业活动的进行，Cd，Pb等有害重金属不断进入农业环境中，对农田、菜地等造成污染。生物炭作为重要的土壤改良剂，在对Cd，Pb污染土壤的修复中表现出巨大的潜力。从生物炭的特性及制备、修复效果及其影响因素、修复机理等方面，对近年来国内外有关生物炭修复Cd，Pb污染土壤的研究成果和现状进行了总结，并对生物炭修复Cd，Pb污染土壤的发展前景和未来研究方向进行了展望。     

磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石的制备及其吸附水中Cd（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的性能

合成了一种高吸附容量的磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石复合材料（L-BC）,并用于去除水中的Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺。表征结果表明,采用浸渍联合热解法成功制备了磁性生物炭（M-BC）,水热合成法成功地将Mg-Fe水滑石负载在M-BC上。动力学研究结果表明,Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,化学吸附为速率控制步骤。等温吸附研究结果表明,L-BC对Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层化学吸附,最大吸附量分别为263.156 mg/g和43.291 mg/g。吸附机理主要为Mg-Fe水滑石层间CO₃^2-和表面羟基与Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺产生表面共沉淀。L-BC具有良好的吸附和重复利用性能,是一种很有前景的去除Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附材料。     

新制备生物炭的特性表征及其对石油烃污染土壤的吸附效果

生物炭作为一种绿色环保的功能材料因其在污水处理和污染土壤修复方面具有显著效果而受到极大关注.采用红外光谱、元素分析仪及微孔分析对不同温度(200、300、400、500和600℃)条件下制备的木屑和麦秆生物炭进行特性表征,并采用制备的生物炭净化石油污染土壤,分别考察了污染物性质、生物质原料和热解温度对其净化效果的影响.结果表明,随着热解温度的增高,生物炭芳香化程度增加,极性降低,微孔结构逐渐发育,表面积增大.加入生物炭33 d后,污染土壤中总石油烃及其组分烷烃的浓度比对照略有降低,而PAHs浓度下降显著.随着热解温度升高,2种生物炭对PAHs的吸附强度均逐渐增大,芳香度增高、表面积增大是强吸附的主要原因.2种生物炭在400℃及以下温度制备时对PAHs的吸附强度为:木屑生物炭＞麦秆生物炭;而400℃以上温度制备的生物炭吸附强度则相反,即麦秆生物炭＞木屑生物炭,说明生物炭原料对其吸附强度也具有显著影响.     

生物碳和土壤性质对乙草胺吸附行为的影响

生物碳施加到土壤中可能会影响污染物的环境归趋,而吸附作用是其关键控制因素,为此,本研究考察了400、500和600℃下制备的玉米秸秆生物碳(分别记作CS400、CS500和CS600)和土壤性质对乙草胺吸附行为的影响.结果表明,生物碳和土壤对乙草胺的吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型(R2≥0.99).随着生物碳热解温度的升高(从CS400到CS600),生物碳吸附乙草胺的非线性指数n值减小且logKOC值增大,说明吸附非线性程度和吸附能力增强,这是因为生物碳炭化程度增强(H/C原子比减小),疏水性增强(O/C原子比减小)和比表面积增大而有利于对乙草胺的吸附,吸附机制以表面吸附为主(比如疏水作用、π-ρ EDA作用和孔填充作用).然而,土壤吸附乙草胺的n值(0.95)接近1.0,说明该吸附作用几乎是线性吸附,以分配作用机制为主.3种生物碳对乙草胺的吸附能力都高于土壤,特别是CS600对乙草胺的吸附能力(logKoc)比土壤及文献报道的土壤和沉积物高一个数量及以上,说明生物碳可能会有效保留土壤中的乙草胺而降低其迁移性.     

Penicillin fermentation residue biochar as a high-performance electrode for membrane capacitive deionization

● We have provided an activated method to remove the toxicity of antibiotic residue. ● PFRB can greatly improve the salt adsorption capacity of MCDI. ● The hierarchical porous and abundant O/N-doped played the key role for the high-capacity desalination. ● A new field of reuse of penicillin fermentation residue has been developed. Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is an efficient desalination technology for brine. Penicillin fermentation residue biochar (PFRB) possesses a hierarchical porous and O/N-doped structure which could serve as a high-capacity desalination electrode in the MCDI system. Under optimal conditions (electrode weight, voltage, and concentration) and a carbonization temperature of 700 °C, the maximum salt adsorption capacity of the electrode can reach 26.4 mg/g, which is higher than that of most carbon electrodes. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties of the PFRB electrode were characterized through cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a maximum specific capacitance of 212.18 F/g. Finally, biotoxicity tests have showed that PFRB was non-biotoxin against luminescent bacteria and the MCDI system with the PFRB electrode remained stable even after 27 adsorption–desorption cycles. This study provides a novel way to recycle penicillin residue and an electrode that can achieve excellent desalination.     

Adsorption of Cr(Ⅲ) from acidic solutions by crop straw derived biochars

Cr（Ⅲ） adsorption by biochars generated from peanut, soybean, canola and rice straws is investigated with batch methods. Adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） increased as pH rose from 2.5 to 5.0. Adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） led to peak position shifts in the FFIR-PAS spectra of the biochars and made zeta potential values less negative, suggesting the formation of surface complexes between Cr^3＋ and functional groups on the biochars. The adsorption capacity of Cr（Ⅲ） followed the order： peanut straw char 〉 soybean straw char 〉 canola straw char 〉 rice straw char, which was consistent with the content of acidic functional groups on the biochars. The increase in Cr^3＋ hydrolysis as the pH rose was one of the main reasons for the increased adsorption of Cr（Ⅲ） by the biochars at higher pH values. Cr（llI） can be adsorbed by the biochars through electrostatic attraction between negative surfaces and Cr^3＋, but the relative contribution of electrostatic adsorption was less than 5%. Therefore, Cr（Ⅲ） was mainly adsorbed by the biochars through specific adsorption. The Langumir and Freundlich equations fitted the adsorption isotherms well and can therefore be used to describe the adsorption behavior of Cr（Ⅲ） by the crop straw biochars. The crop straw biochars have great adsorption capacities for Cr（Ⅲ） under acidic conditions and can be used as adsorbents to remove Cr（Ⅲ） from acidic wastewaters.     

腐殖酸对生物炭去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响机制研究

以污泥生物炭作吸附剂处理水中Cr(Ⅵ),研究了共存腐殖酸对生物炭吸附性能影响.结果表明,腐殖酸能显著促进生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,大幅提高吸附量以及缩短吸附平衡时间,生物炭吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型.在溶液初始pH4.0,生物炭浓度20 g·L-1,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度在50～800 mg·L-1范围下,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型更好地描述等温吸附行为.加入腐殖酸(20 mg·L-1)后拟合得到的理论饱和吸附量达10.10 mg·g-1,较未加入腐殖酸的吸附量5.56 mg·g-1提高近1倍.在pH 2.0～8.0范围内,吸附量随溶液初始pH值升高而减小.腐殖酸浓度上升,生物炭吸附能力进一步提高.红外光谱显示,生物炭表面的羟基、羧基、酯基、芳香环上C—H和环状结构上的CC等化学活性官能团与Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附有关.结合XPS分析结果,推断腐殖酸共存促进生物炭吸附的机制是:腐殖酸提高了Cr(Ⅵ)在生物炭表面聚集浓度,有利于生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的直接吸附和还原,而腐殖酸本身具有的吸附能力增加了对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的去除.