3种酚类化合物对多刺裸腹溞GST和AChE活力的影响

为探讨酚类化合物对水生生物的毒性效应,实验研究了多刺裸腹溞(Moina macrocopa)暴露于不同浓度的苯酚(0.25、0.75、1.25、1.75、2.25mg·L-1)、邻苯二酚(0.10、0.25、0.40、0.55、0.70mg·L-1)和间苯二酚(0.015、0.030、0.045、0.060、0.075mg·L-1)后,体内谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活力的动态变化.结果表明,3种酚类化合物处理24h后,多刺裸腹溞体内GST活力随染毒浓度的升高呈先升高后降低趋势.处理48h后,体内GST活力随苯酚和邻苯二酚浓度的升高逐渐降低,而间苯二酚对GST活力的影响与处理24h后GST活力的变化趋势相似.3种酚类化合物处理24h、48h后,多刺裸腹溞体内AChE活力均呈先升高后降低趋势.48h处理多刺裸腹溞体内GST和AChE活力均显著低于24h处理.短时间内低浓度酚类化合物对GST和AChE活力具有诱导作用,但随着酚类化合物处理浓度的升高和处理时间的延长酶活力受到显著抑制.GST和AChE活力的变化能够灵敏地反映出酚类化合物对多刺裸腹溞的毒性大小及造成的损伤,初步推断可作为生物标志物来评价酚类污染物对水生生物的生化毒性.     

Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

溴氰菊酯对罗非鱼谷胱甘肽及S转移酶的影响

研究了罗非鱼暴露于不同浓度溴氰菊酯后,组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性的动态变化.结果表明,以1.0,2.0,3.0,5.0,10.0μg/L浓度的溴氰菊酯处理罗非鱼25d,除了1.0μg/L浓度组罗非鱼体内GSH和GST与对照组无显著差异外,其余各浓度组的GSH和GST均发生了明显的变化,规律为先升高后降低,说明溴氰菊酯对罗非鱼体内的GSH和GST是先诱导后抑制,且肝脏的变化幅度比肌肉大.1.0μg/L以下的溴氰菊酯对罗非鱼没有生化毒性影响.罗非鱼组织中的GSH和GST可作为生物标志物来评价农药对鱼类的生化毒性.     

Organ differences in microsomes and cytosol metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in piglets

In order to delineate the features of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism in various organs of piglets, in vitro metabolism of AFB1 by microsomes and cytosol of the various piglet organs was studied. The AFB1 was converted efficiently to AFP1 by the kidney microsomes. A less efficient metabolism was noted from the AFB1 to AFQ1, AFM1, and aflatoxicol (AFL) in the various organs. The microsomal ability to form AFB1-DNA adduct was higher in liver when compared to the other organs. The cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase activity to convert AFB1-epoxide to AFB1-glutathione conjugate product was relatively higher in the liver and the small intestine. The reductase activity to convert AFB1-dialdehyde to AFB1-dialcohol was similar in all the organs. The results suggest that the variation in susceptibility to the aflatoxin among different organs is attributable mainly to the organ differences in cytochrome P450 activity to form AFB1-epoxide.