UV/H-2O-2/草酸铁处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

利用UV（125W）/H2O2/草酸铁处理已经过生化处理的垃圾渗滤液(CODcr为450mg/L)时，反应较佳条件是PH值为4．0及总药剂用量为14mL/L。草酸铁的用量要适当，投加量过少，混凝效果较差，有效光子不能完全转化为化学能，处理效果不理想；投加量过多，溶液形成棕色混浊，使紫外光的吸收降低，造成光散射，降低反应速度。而H2O2的投加量过多，特使铁的络合物更加稳定，H202的分解速率受到限制，投加量过少，效果也会降低。当总药刑用量为14mL/L(其中30％过氧化氢6mL/L，0．1mol/L草酸铁溶液8mL/L时，反应30min后，CODcr去除率可达80％左右，脱色率可达90％以上。     

酸法锂渣制取白炭黑研究

本文对用硫法锂渣制取白炭黑的基本原理及工艺流程作了较为详细的阐述，对该工艺的各种影响因素进行了探讨，并制得了合格的白炭黑，为锂渣的综合利用开辟了新的途径。     

淋滤条件对矿物废渣中铊释放的影响

研究了淋滤时间、淋滤液pH值、粒径及滤速对沉灰渣中铊释放的影响，结果表明：上述因素均能影响废渣表面铁氧化物的水解，这种水解支配着铊释放的过程；滤速及碱性颗粒的参予能显著影响废渣表面的水解作用。     

Results from the first year of the Swedish dioxin survey

PCDD/F levels are presented for food baskets, raw and fried herring, wolf muscle and moose tallow collected from the same area, three burbot liver samples, a sediment core from the Baltic Sea and leach water from three garbage dumps. Levels in food baskets were at or below detection limits making the estimation of intake via the diet difficult. Frying herring produces no net change in PCDD/F levels. Moose have lower PCDD/F levels than wolf from the same area. Levels in burbot liver samples are much higher near industrial discharges than in a more undisturbed area. The top 4 cm of the sediment core contain the highest levels of PCDD/F. Thereafter the levels drop and reach a low level. This low level is probably caused by contamination during sampling and is not evidence of PCDD/F presence far back in time. Leach water from city dumps contains low levels of PCDD/F but that from a dump that takes industrial wastes had higher levels and a different congener pattern.     

NaAc(pH=3)缓冲液浸出焚烧飞灰中重金属的实验研究

采用HCl，HNO3，H2SO4，HAc，NaAc(pH=8．15)和NaAc(pH=3)作为浸取剂，分别对飞灰进行了浸出实验。NaAc(pH=3)浸出效果最好。以NaAc作浸取剂，对不同液固比(L／S)、浸取液浓度、浸出时间和初始pH值实验条件下Pb和cd的浸出效果进行分析，结果表明浸取剂浓度为0．5mol／L、液固化为10、浸出时间为60min和浸取液初始pH值等于3时对飞灰中的Pb和Cd浸出效果最好。     

Alkaline leaching of metal melting industry wastes dseparation of zinc and lead in the leach solution

In this work, a thorough examinations on the extractability of zinc and lead present in the steelmaking dusts using alkaline leaching process and the effectiveness of the zinc and lead separation in the resultant leaching solutions using sulfide precipitation method were made. It was found that only about 53% of zinc and over 70% of the lead could be leached out of the dusts, while the other 47% of zinc and 306 of lead were left in the leaching residues. The zinc and lead in the resultant leaching solution can be effectively and selectively separated. When the weight ratio of sodium sulfide (M. W. = 222-240) to Pb was kept at 1.8, the lead in the solution could be precipitated out quantitatively while all the zinc was remained in the solution. The zinc left in the solution can be further recovered by the addition of extra sodium sulfide with a weight ratio of sodium sulfide to the zinc over 2.6. The resultant filtrate can be recycled to the leaching of dust in the next leaching process.     

金属硫化矿的微生物脱硫可行性分析

矿石的高含硫足导致高硫矿自燃的内因，利用微生物浸矿技术脱除硫化矿表面的硫，把矿石表面禽硫量降至自燃临界值以下，来避免高硫矿矿井内因火灾的发生。本文通过对微生物脱除煤炭中硫及硫铁矿烧淹中硫的对比分析，结果表明，利用微生物脱硫技术进行金属硫化矿的内因火灾防治具有可行性。     

某城市污水处理厂污泥固化处理研究

课题依托哈尔滨某污水处理厂,通过建立L9(34)正交试验,选取水泥、石灰、煤灰掺入比例以及养护时间为主要影响因素,以固化块的抗压强度和COD浸出浓度为评价指标,得到各因素的影响度大小排序为:水泥养护天数石灰煤灰,优化固化条件为水泥掺入比例15%,石灰掺入比例2%,煤灰10%养护天数6 d。以此为基础进行延展实验,探讨以上因素对污泥固化效果的影响,获得最佳配方。     

淋洗条件下砂土和粉土水盐运移过程的监测研究

土壤水盐运移过程和运移机制研究是盐渍土研究的核心问题,淋洗条件下土壤水盐运移动态规律是研究盐渍土形成、冲洗、排水、改良的理论基础.通过室内一维垂直入渗试验,采用自主研发的电阻率监测装置研究了砂土和粉土在淋洗过程中的水盐运移的动态变化特征.结果表明,监测装置的实时数据能够监测到两种土壤淋洗过程中电阻率峰值的下移和逐渐消失的过程,在每次淋洗后,砂土经过30 min达到水盐平衡,而粉土需要70 min.砂土每次淋洗脱盐的深度基本保持一致,约为35 cm,经过3次淋洗后土柱脱盐;粉土每次淋洗脱盐深度约为10 cm,经过7次淋洗后土柱脱盐.该监测装置可以针对不同土壤水盐运移的速率而设置其时间和空间分辨率从而实现水盐运移的远程、原位、动态监测,为盐渍化的监测、评估和预警提供了一种有效的手段.     

Metal and oxalate contamination in a suburban watershed in the greater Toronto area: the benefits of combining acid leach and selective extraction procedures

Environmentally available concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni in soils and sediments from a small suburban catchment, obtained using an acid leach procedure, are compared to the Ontario Ministry of the Environment lowest effect level (LEL) and severe effect levels (SEL) and to Provincial sediment quality guidelines (PSQG's). These data are then compared to the bioavailability, potential bioavailability and non-bioavailability of the same metals, plus oxalate concentration, identified using a selective extraction procedure. This combination of techniques enhanced analytical interpretation with respect to metal mobility and potential metal contamination. Selective extraction highlighted the presence of oxalate as a potential contaminant, especially in poorly drained valley floor deposits (33,633 mg kg(-1) and 26,284 mg kg(-1)) and lakeshore sediments (27,095 mg kg(-1) and 13,729 mg kg(-1)). These levels are considerably in excess of those previously documented in a similar study from Rio de Janeiro, where contamination of urban sediment by sewage is a recognised environmental problem, and could possibly be used both as an indicator of similar contamination and the identification of those areas that warrant further investigation.