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吡虫清等4种新农药的水生态安全性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以斜生栅列藻 (Scenedesmusobliquus)、大型 (Daphniamagna)和斑马鱼 (Brachydaniorerio)为试验生物 ,在实验室条件下测定了吡虫清、吡嗪酮、恶草酮和精喹禾灵 4种新农药对水生生物的急性毒性IC50值或LC50 值 ,并进行了安全性评价。结果表明 ,杀虫剂吡虫清对水极毒 ,对鱼类高毒 ,对藻类低毒 ;杀虫剂吡嗪酮对水和鱼类低毒 ,对藻类中等毒性 ;除草剂恶草酮对藻类高毒 ,对水和鱼类中等毒性 ;除草剂精喹禾灵对藻类高毒 ,对水中等毒性 ,对鱼类高毒。 相似文献
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Mingxing GAO Yingying LI Hong YANG Yucheng GU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(1):1-10
Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms of pymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient KF varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL∙g−1 and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the sorption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples: log KF = 4.3708 − 4.5709 × log (pH in 0.01mol·L−1 CaCl2) + 0.4700 × log OC% + 0.0057 × sand (%) + 0.0022 × CEC(clay), with R2 = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption of pymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaCl2 concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaCl2 concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated. 相似文献
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