近年来珠三角地区大气中痕量氟氯烃(CFCs)的浓度水平与变化特征

用预浓缩-GC/MS方法研究了珠江三角洲大气中的CCl3F、CFC-12、CFC-113和CFC-114等4种痕量氟氯烷烃气体。结果表明,2005年珠江三角洲背景点鼎湖山大气中CFC-12和CFC-11的年平均浓度高于全球本底站,说明珠三角地区还存在一定CFC-11和CFC-12的排放源;CFC-113浓度水平则与全球本底站点浓度接近,且CFC-113和CFC-114在广州城区与鼎湖山差别不显著,表明区内其排放源强度应很小。观测日内广州和鼎湖山大气中四种CFCs的日变化幅度均较小,无明显的昼夜变化规律。广州市CFCs总体呈夏秋高、冬春低的特征,与城区致冷设备高温季节使用频率较大有关;鼎湖山则呈冬春高、夏秋低的特征,主要受扩散作用和季风的影响。初步分析显示,从1997年到2005年,CFC-11、CFC-12和CFC-114浓度总体呈现先上升后缓慢降低的趋势,而CFC-113的浓度一直逐年下降。     

温室气体的“源”与“汇”及其防治对策

从"源"与"汇"理论入手,分析大气中四种主要温室气体CO2、CH4、N2O和CFCs的"源"与"汇",并提出相应防治对策。     

Recovery of seven kinds of cfc and cfc replacements on high‐surface area activated carbon

The adsorption isotherms, the constants of the Dubinin—Radushkevich plots, and the constants of the Langmuir plots of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and CFC replacements on high‐surface area activated carbon were investigated to estimate the recovery efficiency of CFC and CFC replacements. The adsorption and desorption of HFC134a on a high‐surface area activated carbon was much easier than that of CFC 113 and the CFC replacements. The recovery efficiency of CFC replacements depends on the hydrogen atoms in molecule. It is possible that the saturated amount adsorbed in the pores or on the surface of the activated carbon could be evaluated by the W_s constant of the the Langmuir equation and the W_o constant of the Dubinin‐Radushkevich equation. The a constant of the Langmuir equation and the BE_o constant of the Dubinin‐Radushkevich equation depend on the molecular composition.     

氯氟烃替代物大气化学研究

大气平流层臭氧（大气臭氧层）由于能够吸收太阳辐射中的高能量紫外线,对人类和生物起着非常重要的保护作用,氯氟烃类化合物（ＣＦＣｓ）已被认为是造成大气平流层臭氧耗损的主要原因,淘汰ＣＦＣｓ和使用替代物日趋紧迫,目前,最有应用前景的替代物是含氢氧氟烃类化合物（ＨＣＦＣｓ）和氢氟烃类化合物（ＨＦＣｓ）,其中有些已投入工业使用,本文总结 了ＨＣＦＣｓ和ＨＦＣｓ在气中的光化学降解机制及其产物,以及产物对环境的     

臭氧层破坏的起因危害及对策

本文简介了臭氧层的破坏及耗损对生物和人类所造成的危害.描述了氯氟烃(CFC),氮氧化物(NO_x)与臭氧的反应,井详细论述了CFC,NO_x及火山爆发对臭氧层的破坏作用.对有关保护臭氧层的国际公约进行了扼要介绍.提出了防止臭氧耗损应来取的措施;执行保护臭氧层的国际公约;寻找CFC替代品;加强对臭氧层的科学研究     

Characteristics of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) emitted from a municipal waste treatment facility

The emission concentrations of several chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were measured from a municipal waste treatment facility (located in Seoul, Republic of Korea) to investigate the emission characteristics of CFCs in the urban environment. To this end, a total of five CFCs (CFC-10, CFC-11, CFC-20, CFC-30, and CFC-113) were analyzed by the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) method. The results of this study indicate that the formation of CFC-11 (8.21 ± 1.68 ppb in spring) and CFC-20 (3.92 ± 3.93 ppb in spring) proceeded very actively within the facility. Moreover, CFC-113 was also found in relatively high concentrations (3.34 ± 1.31 ppb in spring) in the treatment facility. Unlike other CFCs, CFC-10 was observed mainly at ambient (and reference) locations and one point inside the treatment facility. In conclusion, emissions of some important CFCs are a prominent process, as they were measured either frequently or abundantly both in winter and spring. It is further indicated that certain CFCs (like CFC-11 and CFC-30) are subject to highly significant seasonal variations.     

氯氟烃替代物的开发研究进展

重点介绍了近年来国内外对氯氟烃替代物的研究开发动向，并简要地介绍了主要替代物的性能及应用情况。     

Simulation of transport and composition changes during a blocking episode over the East Atlantic and North Europe

Transport of atmospheric trace gases during a blocking event in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) in August 1997 is studied. Considering the frequency of such events it is obvious that they play a significant role for climate and air chemistry and thus the atmospheric environment. The event has been selected because a unique set of composition observations carried out by the CRISTA (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere) instrument in the UTLS was available for the period of blocking. The regional European Atmospheric Dispersion (EURAD) model system was used for a detailed analysis focusing on ozone and CFC 11 (CFCl₃, Freon) distributions and their temporal and spatial variability. The combination of the CRISTA data and a regional transport chemistry model enabled a unique analysis of transport behaviour of a blocking. This developed an Ω-structure with a deep cut-off low at the western flank of the blocking high and a trough with highly perturbed trace gas fields on the eastern side. Tropopause heights varied intensively and were bended down to rather low levels in the cut-off low and folds appearing in the eastern trough. Results of artificial tracer experiments are presented which show that polluted air from lower tropospheric levels and – in this case – lower latitudes as well as the North American continent may be lifted up to the UTLS in the anticyclonic part of the Ω-block and transported from there over large distances in streamers. Quasi-periodic variations of CFC 11 flux divergence indicate dynamical coupling of the different domains of the block.     

氟利昂替代品降解产物——三氟乙酸对水环境的潜在影响

三氟乙酸 (简称 TFA)是氟利昂替代品的主要降解产物之一 ,该物质会造成大气环境的恶化 ,雨水会将其从大气中去除。三氟乙酸化学性质极其稳定 ,在水中全部溶解。在自然条件下 ,三氟乙酸不降解、不光解、不被土壤吸附、不被微生物分解 ,易于在水体中积累 ,特别是在没有流入和流出的水体及季节性湿地中蓄积。全球雨水中的三氟乙酸 2 0 1 0年预计可达到 1 0 0～ 1 60 ng/L,部分地区地表水可达到 1 60 ng/L。     

氟氯烃检测中的富集采样研究

本文用自制的吸附采样管和解吸装置完成了大气中痕量氟氯烃的采样测定，其吸附效率达８５％以上，解吸效率达８７％，富集倍数达１１４４倍。研究了温度对吸附和解吸效率的影响。