驾驶舱空气动力源致振动响应分析研究

目的分析驾驶舱外形上多处凸起对驾驶舱内若干重要部位的振动响应的影响。方法首先采用大涡模拟方法,计算多种飞行工况下分离气流产生的作用于机身前段外表面的非定常脉动压力载荷,然后将所得载荷作用于前机身详细有限元模型上,获得所关心的驾驶舱内部分站位的加速度响应。结果通过对加速度响应结果的分析处理及与试飞测试数据对比,可知驾驶舱外形上多处凸起对驾驶舱内的振动量值影响比较大,气流分离对驾驶舱舱内振动贡献,峰值位置处达到了25%左右。结论相关计算结果可用于驾驶舱工效性评估和驾驶舱外形优化。     

Application of CFD Methods for Modelling in Air Pollution Problems: Possibilities and Gaps

Different urban air pollution problems deal with complex structure of air flows and turbulence. For such problems the Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods become widely used. However, this approach despite a number of advantages has some problems. Experience of use of CFD tools for development of models and suggestions of their applications for a local scale air pollution over a complex terrain and stable stratification are discussed in this paper, including: Topography and complex geometry: choose of the co-ordinate system and computer grid; Turbulence closure for air pollution modelling: modified k- model for stable stratified ABL; Boundary conditions for vertical profiles of velocity for stable-stratified atmosphere; Effects of the radiation and thermal budget of inclined surfaces to dispersion of pollutants; Artificial sources of air dynamics and circulation.Some examples of CFD applications for air pollution modelling for a flat terrain, mountainous area, mining open cast and indoor ventilation are discussed. Modified k- model for stably-stratified ABL is suggested. Due to the isotropic character of the k- model a combination of it in vertical with the sub-grid turbulence closure in horizontal can be more suitable for ABL. An effective scheme of boundary conditions for velocity profiles, based on the developed similarity theory for stable-stratified ABL, is suggested. Alongside with the common studies of atmospheric dispersion, the CFD methods have also demonstrated a good potential for studying anthropogenic and artificial-ventilation sources of air dynamic and circulation in local-scale processes of air pollution.     

车用锂离子电池组冷却系统传热仿真分析

目的解决电动汽车锂离子电池组在高温下的安全性和热失控问题。方法建立锂离子电池组冷却系统的三维分析模型,应用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法,结合热传导和热对流理论,对电池组进行仿真分析。结果锂离子电池组的温度场分布基本相同,呈现出中间低、两侧高的分布特点,且层次变化。冷却液温度越低,电池组最高温度也越低;增大冷却液入口流速,电池组内部最高温度略微降低;冷却板材料对电池组的冷却效果影响很小。采用铝合金冷却板,冷却液温度20℃,入口流速2 m/s时,电池组的冷却效果最好。结论对于本文所设计的冷却系统,冷却液入口流速和冷却板材料的变化对电池组散热效果的影响较小,冷却液入口温度的变化对电池组散热效果的影响较大。应当选择铝合金为冷却板材料,以及合理的冷却液入口温度和流速,以满足轻量化要求,防止电池组过度冷却,减小流道内的阻力损失,提高冷却系统的散热效率。     

有风情况池火灾热辐射下的最小安全距离

防火间距是石油化工企业平面设计中的一个重要参数,开放环境下的火灾热辐射受大气稳定程度的影响.本文从计算流体力学角度出发,应用CFD(Computationsl Fluid Dynamics)软件Fluent,基于SCI爆炸火灾工程试验"Pool Fire A"的大气条件,对"有风情况下,直径为10 m的苯液池火灾"进行数值模拟,得出非绝热条件下,苯燃烧的峰温以及产物组分、池火灾对周围环境热辐射的空间分布.温度最高点在对称面y=0上,最高温度为1 478 K、火焰倾斜角度为32°(与竖直方向的夹角)、火焰高10.2 m.对于锰钢材料、内径为10 m苯储罐,2～3级风力情况下,相邻两储罐间最小安全距离在上风向为20 m,下风向为27 m.最后对模拟结果进行了分析.     

深埋岛式地铁车站站台火灾时烟气蔓延数值分析

随着我国地铁的发展,未来部分地铁的发展空间属于埋深较大,经过老城区时须穿越大片房屋桩基,地质条件复杂,施工难度大,工程实施上线路和车站均需要较大的埋深。因此,深入开展深埋地铁站点火灾安全研究有助于地铁安全管理工作。笔者针对地铁深埋岛式站台火灾,利用数值模拟方法,研究深埋岛式站点内烟气横向流动和不同站层间的烟气纵向蔓延规律。分析烟气在隧道、站台及站厅内蔓延时烟气温度、有毒气体浓度、可见度等特征参数的分布情况;同时探讨了火灾时深埋岛式站点内有效的气流组织形式,隧道排烟系统的运行模式。所获的研究结论有助于同类型的地铁车站的设计和运营管理。     

雷达关键部件对西北地区典型环境适应性的综合仿真研究

长期工作在西北地区大温差、多风砂和强紫外线等恶劣复杂环境下的雷达装备表面极易出现表面磨蚀或损坏。建立了雷达对西北地区综合环境适应性的仿真分析方法,以计算流体动力学(CFD)软件FLUENT为平台,对雷达典型部件在大温差、多风砂和强紫外线环境中的表面状态进行仿真模拟。仿真结果与雷达装备实际情况较为吻合,为进一步深入研究相关物理机理以及设计防护措施提供了理论依据。     

CFD simulation of MSW combustion and SNCR in a commercial incinerator

A CFD scheme was presented for modeling municipal solid waste (MSW) combustion in a moving-grate incinerator, including the in-bed burning of solid wastes, the out-of-bed burnout of gaseous volatiles, and the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) process between urea (CO(NH₂)₂) and NO_x. The in-bed calculations provided 2-D profiles of the gas–solid temperatures and the gas species concentrations along the bed length, which were then used as inlet conditions for the out-of-bed computations. The over-bed simulations provided the profiles of incident radiation heat flux on the top of bed. A 3-dimensional benchmark simulation was conducted with a 750 t/day commercial incinerator using the present coupling scheme incorporating with a reduced SNCR reduction mechanism. Numerical tests were performed to investigate the effects of operating parameters such as injection position, injection speed and the normalized stoichiometric ratio (NSR) on the SNCR performance. The simulation results showed that the distributions of gas velocity, temperature and NO_x concentration were highly non-uniform, which made the injection position one of the most sensitive operating parameters influencing the SNCR performance of moving grate incinerators. The simulation results also showed that multi-layer injections were needed to meet the EU2000 standard, and a NSR 1.5 was suggested as a compromise of a satisfactory NO_x reduction and reasonable NH₃ slip rates. This work provided useful guides to the design and operation of SNCR process in moving-grate incinerators.     

喷淋塔内气液流场模拟

以实际建设中的燃煤机组为参考原型,使用数值模拟方法对于喷淋塔烟气流场进行了模拟分析.模拟结果表明,两入口塔入口不易积垢,流场均匀度也好于传统吸收塔.     

污水土地处理系统中管网铺设率对流态的影响与CFD模拟

污水土地净化系统的水力特性直接影响污染物的处理效果,研究不同管网铺设率对水流流态的影响,可为设计参数的选择及反应器结构优化提供依据.因此,运用示踪-应答技术,以停留时间分布(RTD)理论为基础,对反应器中水流的状态进行分析.同时,借助计算流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent进行数值模拟.RTD分析和CFD模拟结果互补分析发现,底部的碎石层具有布水功能,而表面的水层具有集水的作用:水流在承托层中水平流动,竖直流经填料层,最后在水层中水平流入集水管网.在有承托层和水层的情况下,系统采用不同管网铺设程度的布水和集水方式对填料中水流的流态影响不大,然而管网孔口布水效果不均.各管网铺设率反应器的体积效率均在90％以上,但都有一定的无效体积或滞留区.半网布水、集水的反应器体积效率最高,流态接近推流形式.无因次平均停留时间为1.09,轴向扩散系数为0.037.     

基于CFD的内构件强化内循环流化床流场结构分析

针对流化床内部流体结构的复杂性和缺乏有效放大设计理论的问题,以漏斗型导流内构件强化的内循环流化床的气液运动为研究对象,利用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型构建了能描述其复杂流动的CFD数学模型,通过宏观流场、气含率分布、液体速度分布解析内构件对气液混合传质的作用原理.数值模拟结果表明:双流体模型能较好地揭示流化床内气液流场结构,流...