中国北方大米草属植被中大型底栖动物群落的初步研究

根据2004年8月底到9月初的调查结果,对长江以北沿海滩涂大米草属植物中大型底栖动物群落结构进行了研究。在采样中共发现大型底栖动物20种,其中以甲壳类和软体动物占优势,分别为8种和7种,占40%和35%,环节动物为4种,其他的1种,其中以绯泥沼螺分布最为广泛。在种类数和多样性方面:日照最高分别为9种和2.03;最低的是塘沽,分别为2种和1.00。在密度方面:崇明东滩最高为607个·m-2;最低的是丹东鸭绿江口75个·m-2;生物量最高的是盐城射阳为92.5g·m-2,最低的是塘沽为8.1g·m-2。最北的丹东和塘沽在各指标上都是最低的。通过聚类可以发现生境相似的2组丹东与塘沽,潍坊与日照。环境因素如污染及气候的不同也导致地表动物群落组成的差别。日照底栖动物群落多样性指数最高,这与当地环境地质量较高有关。     

流域景观格局对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响研究——以太子河山区段为例

为研究太子河山区段大型底栖动物群落结构与陆地景观因子之间的相互关系,以水生态调查和遥感解译数据为基础,采用主成分分析和回归分析的方法分析了景观格局指数与大型底栖动物群落结构指数的关系,结果表明:大型底栖动物的物种数、EPT科级分类单元数(蜉蝣目、襀翅目、毛翅目)和ASPT指数与景观聚集度指数、最大斑块指数、连通度指数呈显著正相关,与景观香农多样性指数、分离度指数、景观形状指数呈显著负相关。研究结果反映了流域景观斑块的破碎化和人为干扰会对底栖动物群落结构产生负面影响,可以指导以保护河流大型底栖动物群落为目标的流域景观格局优化。     

黄岛电厂温排水对大型底栖生物群落的影响

以黄岛电厂温排水邻近海域为研究对象，2010年9月调查了电厂温排水对该海域大型底栖生物群落结构的影响。在9个站点共采集到大型底栖生物76种，平均生物量5．79 g/m2，平均密度830 m-2。利用Bray-Curtis相似性聚类对各样本大型底栖生物分析得出，调查区域可划分为4个群落。各样点Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在2．42～4．25之间，平均指数为3．67，其中靠近温排水区域站位的生物多样性呈现下降的趋势。丰度生物量比较（Abundance/biomass comparison， ABC）曲线分析结果显示，靠近排水口处的大型底栖生物群落受到一定程度的干扰。冗余分析（ RDA）结果表明，水温是影响底栖生物群落变化的最主要因子，对调查区域大型底栖生物群落变化的解释量达到60．5％，影响范围为排水口附近温升在3℃以上的区域。     

江西仙女湖流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价

以典型的亚热带大型山地丘陵湖泊——江西省仙女湖研究为例,2014~2015年每月对仙女湖湖区及主要入湖河流进行了大型底栖动物群落的周年动态研究。经鉴定得底栖动物111种,隶属3门53科77属。其中软体动物40种,节肢动物61种,环节动物10种。优势种为中华颤蚓、梨形环棱螺、河蚬、锯齿新米虾、羽摇蚊、粗腹摇蚊属、前突摇蚊属、霍甫水丝蚓。仙女湖大型底栖动物年平息栖息密度为346 ind./m2,年平均生物量为54.26 g/m2;不同区域和季节底栖动物的栖息密度与生物量有显著差异(P0.05),河流型生境R2年平均栖息密度最大,为722 ind./m2。湖泊型生境L4年平均栖息密度最小,为251 ind./m2。1月的平均栖息密度最高,为567 ind./m2,5月平均栖息密度最低,为163 ind./m2。用辛普森多样性指数对不同区域水质进行评价,结果表明,入湖河流和钤阳湖为轻度污染,舞龙湖为中度污染。系统聚类和MDS排序分析表明,大型底栖动物的分布具有环境空间异质性,可以划分为2个群落。     

青山水库底栖动物群落初步研究

1996年10月－1997年7月对青山水库底栖大型无脊椎动物群落进行了4次采样调查,共发现大型底栖无脊椎动物16种,其中寡毛类5种,水生昆虫7种,软件动物2种,蛭类和线虫各1种。青山水库底栖动物群落密度和生物量的水平变化为库出口＞库中心＞进口。湖区底栖动物群落占优势的各类为：刺夹长足摇蚊（Tanypus punctipennis）、花翅前突摇蚊（Procladius choreus)和霍甫水丝蚓（Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)。调查结果表明,目前青山水库底栖动物群落的种类组成指示该水体已属富营养型,但从生物量上分析,目前青山水库应属中营养。     

渤海海域夏季大型底栖动物群落特征

根据2017年渤海海域47个站位大型底栖动物的调查资料,对该海域大型底栖动物进行了群落特征分析。调查共采集到大型底栖动物107种,研究海域大型底栖动物的平均密度为82 个/m²。优势种类分别为彩虹明樱蛤、不倒翁虫、长叶索沙蚕。聚类结果显示,渤海海域大致可按地理位置分为4个群落。与历史数据的对比显示,传统的较大个体的底栖种类,如棘皮动物、双壳类,已经被更小个体的多毛类、软体动物所取代,底栖动物的种类结构表现出了小型化的特征,这与近年来渤海海域底栖动物研究结果一致。研究表明,近年来受人类活动影响,渤海海域大型底栖动物群落结构已经发生了变化。     

The impact of heavy metal pollution gradients in sediments on benthic macrofauna at population and community levels

The effect of sediment pollution on benthos was investigated in the vicinity of a large sewage treatment outflow at Incheon North Harbor, Korea. Animal size, vertical distribution and standard community parameters were analyzed along a 3 km transect line (n = 7). Univariate parameters showed a general trend of increasing species diversity with increasing distance from the pollution source. Multi-dimensional scaling analysis led to the clear separation of 3 locational groups, supporting gradient-dependent faunal composition. The innermost location was dominated by small sub-surface dwellers while the outer locations by large mid to deep burrowers. Looking for the size-frequency distribution, most abundance species (Heteromastus filiformis) showed the presence of larger size animals with increasing proximity to the pollution source. Meanwhile, species-specific vertical distributions, regardless of the pollution gradient, indicated that such shifts were due to species replacement resulting from a higher tolerance to pollutants over some species.     

Performance of some biotic indices in the real variable world: A case study at different spatial scales in North-Western Mediterranean Sea

The aim of this study was to analyse the variability of four different benthic biotic indices (AMBI, BENTIX, H′, M-AMBI) in two marine coastal areas of the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. In each coastal area, 36 replicates were randomly selected according to a hierarchical sampling design, which allowed estimating the variance components of the indices associated with four different spatial scales (ranging from metres to kilometres). All the analyses were performed at two different sampling periods in order to evaluate if the observed trends were consistent over the time. The variance components of the four indices revealed complex trends and different patterns in the two sampling periods. These results highlighted that independently from the employed index, a rigorous and appropriate sampling design taking into account different scales should always be used in order to avoid erroneous classifications and to develop effective monitoring programs.     

西湖引水治理后的底栖动物群落

１９９５年１月－１９９６年１２月对西湖底栖大型无脊椎动物群落进行了连续监测与研究,共发现大型底栖无脊椎动物２６种,其中寡毛类６种,多毛类１种,水生昆虫９种,蛭类,线虫和无节蠕虫各１种。     

Ecological effects of dumping of dredged sediments; options for management

Dredging and dumping of dredged sediments in estuarine and coastal waters may lead to increased turbidity and enhanced sediment deposition at dump sites. This mainly affects primary production by phytoplankton, performance of visual predators (e.g. fish, birds), and growth and survival of benthic organisms. This paper combines a compilation of literature information and results of additional experimental studies on the effect of enhanced concentrations of suspended matter (SPM) on growth of bivalve molluscs, and on survival of macro- and meiozoobenthos after dumping of dredged sediments. Furthermore, it focuses on non-toxic dredged sediments only. Release of nutrients from dredged sediments did, so far, hardly influence estuarine phytoplankton production. Increased turbidity may affect dab as well as prey location by sandwich terns. Enhanced SPM-concentrations are unfavourable for young herring and smelt. Growth of filter-feeding bivalves may be impaired, especially at SPM-concentrations >250 mg/l. Estuarine nematodes can survive burial by 10 cm of dumped dredged sediment provided that its physical characteristics are similar to those of the original sediment. Sessile benthos organisms such as mussels and oysters can cope with sediment deposition of only 1–2 cm. Other macrozoobenthos can survive sediment deposition of 20–30 cm. Recovery of benthos at a dump site will occur if the interval between successive dumpings is sufficiently long. Options for management of dumping of dredged sediments are described, relating to different locations of dump sites in estuarine and coastal waters, to different seasons, and to the actual use (area and frequency) of dump sites.