MBR处理工艺的新发展

膜生物反应器(MBR)作为一种新型高效的污水处理方法,其研究发展的空间仍很大。通过与不同的污水处理流程相结合,MBR的处理工艺得到了拓展。通过介绍:MBR与序批式反应器(SBR)相结合工艺;MBR与升流式厌氧滤床(AUBF)相结合工艺;MBR与高效生物反应器(HCR)相结合工艺等多种最新型MBR处理工艺,对MBR工艺发展趋势进行预测。     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilotscale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31–73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO₂⁻ could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO₂⁻ as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO₃⁻ when the initial concentration of either NO₂⁻ or NO₃⁻ was 40 mg/L.     

不同金属离子对Vc引发的小鼠肝匀浆自由基反应的影响

以小鼠肝匀浆脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)的OD_532nm值(MDA-OD_532nm)作为测定自由基反应的间接指标,研究了Hg²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Cd²⁺、Cr³⁺、SeO^2-₃等离子和As₂O₃水溶液在Vc引发自由基反应体系中的作用.结果表明:Cr³⁺与Mn²⁺具有显著的抑制作用;Hg²⁺、Cd²⁺与As₂O₃对自由基反应有促进作用;Ni²⁺、SeO^2-₃对Vc引发小鼠肝匀浆的自由基反应作用不明显.     

基于QUAL2K模型的钱塘江流域安全纳污能力研究

针对钱塘江流域污染物总量控制的纳污能力定量问题,选择非感潮河段干流和一级支流,基于QUAL2K模型和一维水质模型,研究了BOD安全纳污能力.研究结果表明,钱塘江流域纳污能力QUAL2K模型计算值大于一维模型计算值;基于QUAL2K模型的m值水体纳污能力计算法,结合了总量控制与浓度控制理念,适用于钱塘江流域水体纳污能力计算;流域各行政区BOD安全纳污能力从大到小依次为:杭州＞金华＞衢州＞绍兴＞丽水.     

MBR处理工艺的新发展

膜生物反应器（MBR）作为一种新型高效的污水处理方法，其研究发展的空间仍很大。通过与不同的污水处理流程相结合，MBR的处理工艺得到了拓展。通过介绍：MBR与序批式反应器（SBR）相结合工艺；MBR与升流式厌氧滤床（AUBF）相结合工艺；MBR与高效生物反应器（HCR）相结合工艺等多种最新型MBR处理工艺，对MBR工艺发展趋势进行预测。     

耦合回流污泥预浓缩系统的新型氧化沟工艺强化除磷

针对传统的"厌氧+氧化沟"运行模式对低碳源污水除磷能力不佳的问题,采用耦合回流污泥预浓缩系统的新型氧化沟工艺对其强化除磷进行了中试实验研究。通过采用回流污泥预浓缩系统,调试回流污泥浓缩比,提高系统的除磷能力。研究结果表明,在控制最佳回流污泥浓缩比为55%的情况下,出水TP浓度和去除率分别为0.92 mg/L和67.5%,相比于浓缩比为100%、70%、50%和30%的工况,其去除率分别增加了24.3%、27.3%、8.2%和28.6%,强化了系统的除磷效果。另外,ORP可以预示预缺氧池内无效释磷和反硝化程度,以此作为自动调整最佳回流污泥浓缩比的控制参数。     

Anoxic phosphorus removal in a pilot scale anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch process

The anaerobic-anoxic oxidation ditch (A²/O OD) process is popularly used to eliminate nutrients from domestic wastewater. In order to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria (DPB), evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal, and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in the A²/O OD process, a pilot-scale A²/O OD plant (375 L) was conducted. At the same time batch tests using sequence batch reactors (12 L and 4 L) were operated to reveal the significance of anoxic phosphorus removal. The results indicated that: The average removal efficiency of COD, NH4+, PO43-, and TN were 88.2%, 92.6%, 87.8%, and 73.1%, respectively, when the steady state of the pilot-scale A²/O OD plant was reached during 31-73 d, demonstrating a good denitrifying phosphorus removal performance. Phosphorus uptake took place in the anoxic zone by poly-phosphorus accumulating organisms NO2- could be used as electron receptors in denitrifying phosphorus removal, and the phosphorus uptake rate with NO2- as the electron receptor was higher than that with NO3- when the initial concentration of either NO2- or NO3- was 40 mg/L.     

Managing crises through organisational development: a conceptual framework

This paper presents a synthesis of the guiding principles in crisis management in accordance with the four configurational imperatives (strategy, structure, leadership and environment) defined by Miller (1987) and outlines interventions in organisational development (OD) that may contribute to their achievement. The aim is to build a conceptual framework at the intersection of these two fields that could help to strengthen the resilient capabilities of individuals, organisations and communities to face crises. This incursion into the field of OD--to generate more efficient configurations of practices in crisis management--seems particularly fruitful considering the system-wide application of OD, based on open-systems theory (Burke, 2008). Various interventions proposed by OD in terms of human processes, structural designs and human resource management, as well as strategy, may help leaders, members of organisations and civil society apply effectively, and in a more sustainable way, the crisis management guiding principles defined by researchers.