一种硫化氢抑制剂的研发与现场应用

针对镇X区原油开发过程中硫化氢浓度较高的现状,通过室内实验,研发出硫化氢抑制剂LY-05。分析了LY-05的主剂、助剂的主要成分及性能,测定了其脱硫率、杀菌性能、与其他助剂的配伍性。实验表明:当LY-05的投加浓度≥800 mg/L时,脱硫率90%,杀菌率为100%,该硫化氢抑制剂与清蜡剂、破乳剂、杀菌剂、阻垢剂、缓蚀剂等助剂配伍性良好,不影响其他助剂的性能。在镇X区5口油井现场应用表明:该硫化氢抑制剂具有较好的硫化氢治理效果,投加后油井硫化氢浓度全部降至10 mg/m~3以下,脱硫率≥96.0%。     

化学热洗—重金属固化法处理含油污泥实验研究

对比分析了常见含油污泥处理方法的技术特点,利用化学热洗重金属固化法处理油气开采中的含油污泥。结果表明:温度40℃、萃取剂用量10 g/L、清洗剂加量5 g/L、混合型阳离子表面活性剂浓度5 g/L、清洗时间30 min时,原油的回收率、泥沙中的残油率、杀菌效果等均达到最佳。     

氯气职业病危害及防护对策

氯气（Cl2）在氯碱生产工艺中,由直流电电解饱和食盐水溶液所制取,是重要的化工原料。它用途极广,主要有杀菌消毒、纸浆纤维漂白、矿物氯化法精炼等,用于无机合成方面,如漂白剂（漂白粉、漂白精及次氯酸钠）、三氯化铝、氯化磷、农药、三氯化铁、照相氯化银、氯化钾、合成盐酸、     

浅谈液氯操作岗位安全应急卡的编制

制水企业普遍用剐毒品液氯对水质进行杀菌消毒，因操作危险性较大，故加氯现场一般悬挂危化品安全周知卡，简述有危险性提示词、标志、理化数据、化学品标识、触氯后的表现和防护措施等，字虽放大但不易看清，而佩带类似于胸卡大小的安全应急卡既方便携带，又能随时对照和记忆，投入上岗后反映效果很好。现将我公司有关液氯应急卡的编写实例介绍如下。     

参观医疗废物处理站

在星期四的下午,我们去了医疗废物处理站。那里的厂长姓李,是一个和蔼可亲的李伯伯。我们坐上了大巴车直奔医疗处理站,映入眼帘的是一座巨大的工厂,这个工厂是医疗废物处理站,周边精河县、温泉县、博乐市、农五师大大小小的医院运过来的医疗废物,都要到这里来杀菌、焚烧、掩埋。我们去的时候,刚好有一辆医疗废物转运车从精河运过来。我们观察了车间里有一排一排的小洞,李伯伯给我们解说了,说这个是紫外线把病菌杀死。再去一个大罐子里,去高温消毒,135摄氏度,经过45分钟,医疗废     

室内污染克星“净康”问世

福建省福州中广发展有限公司，开发出新一代具有独立知识产权的植物精油，除醛-净康系列室内空气净化产品。经福建省权威检测机构检测，去除有害气体效率和杀菌效率均超过国内和欧美同类产品。该净化产品以天然植物精油为主要原料，具有独特的原木香味，无毒、无害，能达到快速渗透，彻底、安全地分解室内装修的甲醒、苯、TVOC等有害气体，     

Efficacy of natural biocide on control of microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines mediated by Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas

We compared the efficacy of a natural biocide with four chemical tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, and formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, to control microbial induced corrosion in oil pipelines. The efficacy of biocides were monitored against Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in experimental pipes by measuring cell counts, H2S production, Fe(II) production, production of extracellular polymeric substances and structure of biofilm. The treatment with cow urine had minimum planktonic cell counts of 3 102 CFU/mL as well as biofilm cell counts of 9 101 CFU/mL as compared with tetrakishydroxyl methyl phosphonium sulfonate, benzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Sulfide production was the lowest with cow urine (0.08 mmol/L), followed by tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfonate 0.72 mmol/L. On day 90 of treatment, Fe(II) production was also found to be the lowest with cow urine. The scanning electron microscopic studies indicated that the biofilm bacteria were killed by cow urine. These results demonstrate the cow urine mediated control of microbially induced corrosion, and this is indicative of its potential as a viable substitute of toxic biocides. To the best of our knowledge, this seems to be the first report which screens possible biocidal activity by cow urine as compared to the most common biocides which oil industry is currently using.     

大气压纳秒负脉冲放电对水中大肠杆菌的灭活

采用自行研制的喷嘴-板-筒式反应器,研究了大气压纳秒负脉冲空气放电对水中大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli, E.coli）灭菌率的影响因素及规律。实验中空气自放电喷嘴电极进入反应器,气流带动放电生成的活性粒子流到达并作用于水中大肠杆菌。研究结果表明:本实验装置可有效实现对水中大肠杆菌的灭活,灭菌率随着放电电压和脉冲重复频率的增加、放电处理时间的延长而升高;随着鼓气速率的增大先增大后减小;随着喷嘴电极直径的增加先减小后增大。当采用1.30 mm喷嘴电极,在脉冲峰值电压为-32 kV、重复频率80 Hz,鼓气速率为80 mL/min时,连续放电处理12 min,灭菌率达到91%。     

Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples

Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.     

PEM式臭氧消毒在地上游泳池水处理中的应用

采用臭氧法水处理系统对地上游泳池的循环水进行灭菌消毒,研究了臭氧用量、循环水流量和运行时间等因素对臭氧法灭菌效果的影响。结果表明,3组PEM臭氧发生器应用于21.2 m3的地上游泳池,在4 m3/h的循环水流量下运行12 h后,水中的细菌总数与大肠杆菌群数达到国家标准,去除率均在99%以上。与盐电解法水处理系统相比较,臭氧法水处理系统的优势在于:杀菌快速高效、出水水质的理化指标较好和运行费用低廉。