Determination and Assessment of HCHs and DDTs Residues in Sediments from Lake Dongting, China

The contamination of organochlorine pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and their eco-environmental assessment in surface sediments from Lake Dongting, the second-largest freshwater lake in China, were studied. Concentrations of ∑HCH (=α-HCH + β-HCH + γ-HCH +δ-HCH) were 0.21--9.59 ng/g dry weight and those of ∑ DDT = p,p'-DDD+p,p'-DDE+o,p'-DDT+p,p'-DDT) ranged from under detectable limit to 10.15 ng/g dry weight. The ratios of α-HCH to γ-HCH were above 7 at most sampling sites while no or a small amount of β-HCH were found at all sites, suggesting the degradation of HCH used in the history and possibly current use of HCH in the region. The low ratios (below 2.0 in most cases) of (p,p'-DDE+p,p'-DDD) to p,p'-DDT and high levels of individual isomers of DDT at some sites also suggested that there have still been fresh inputs of DDT into Lake Dongting. Through the comparison between concentrations of HCH and DDT residues in sediments of Lake Dongting and those from other places in China and also from the results of our eco-environmental assessment, it can be concluded that Lake Dongting is the water body with high contamination of both HCH and DDT in its sediments in comparison with other water bodies in China.     

海南东北部滨海湿地沉积物微量元素分布特征、来源及污染评价

对海南岛东北部滨海湿地128个站位表层沉积物中14种元素(Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MnO、Cu、Ni、Sr、Zn、V、Pb、Cr、Zr、As、Cd和Hg)、总有机碳(TOC)含量和粒度进行测试分析.结果表明,研究区微量元素V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Pb、Cd和Hg平均含量分别为(40.13±32.65)、(35.92±26.90)、(13.03±11.46)、(11.56±10.27)、(48.75±27.00)、(5.48±1.60)、(18.70±8.66)、(0.054±0.045)和(0.050±0.050)μg·g~(-1),相比于珠江口、长江口、渤海湾沉积物和其他地质单元含量普遍偏低,而Sr和Zr的平均含量异常分别高达(1 253.60±1 649.58)μg·g~(-1)和(372.40±516.49)μg·g~(-1).研究区微量元素分布特征(除As、Sr和Zr)主要富集在海口湾、南渡江河口、演丰镇东寨港、清澜港文昌/文教河口、万宁小海等海湾和潟湖沉积环境中.通过研究区元素的相关性分析和因子分析(FA),结果显示海南岛东北部底质沉积物中Al_2O_3、Fe_2O_3、MnO、Cu、Ni、Zn、V、Pb、Cr和部分Hg主要来自于自然源;Cd和部分Hg来自于生物源,其分布受控于TOC;而As和部分Mn O显然受到了人类活动的干扰,其来源可能是沿岸水产养殖废水排放.依据沉积物质量基准Effect Range-Low(ERL)、Effect Range-Median(ERM)和Enrichment Factor(EF)值,计算表明研究区生态环境整体良好,沉积物微量元素污染程度较低,处于无污染-弱污染的程度.但是,22%的站位中Ni可能对海洋底栖生物产生负面影响.文昌市沿岸的冯家湾和龙马乡沿岸的人类活动已经造成区域局部微量元素整体的富集,应该引起重视.