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1.
New best estimates for the solid–liquid distribution coefficient (Kd) for a set of radionuclides are proposed, based on a selective data search and subsequent calculation of geometric means. The Kd best estimates are calculated for soils grouped according to the texture and organic matter content. For a limited number of radionuclides this is extended to consider soil cofactors affecting soil–radionuclide interaction, such as pH, organic matter content, and radionuclide chemical speciation. Correlations between main soil properties and radionuclide Kd are examined to complete the information derived from the best estimates with a rough prediction of Kd based on soil parameters. Although there are still gaps for many radionuclides, new data from recent studies improve the calculation of Kd best estimates for a number of radionuclides, such as selenium, antimony, and iodine.  相似文献   
2.
研究了在 80~ 1 0 0℃条件下制备样品 ,利用催化光度法间接测得鸡蛋中碘的含量。在 0~ 0 .0 2 1 mg/ L内符合比耳定律 ,摩尔吸光系数达 2 .0 3× 1 0 5L.mol- 1 .cm- 1。可用于其它食品中微量碘的测定。  相似文献   
3.
The transformation of inorganic iodine (I and IO3) incubated in soils with varying amounts of organic matter (Andosols from the surface layer of an upland field and forest, as well as Acrisols from surface and subsurface layers of an upland field) was investigated by using the iodine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES). After 60 d of reaction, both I and IO3 were transformed into organoiodine in surface soils containing sufficient amounts of organic matter, whereas IO3 remained unchanged in the subsurface soil of Acrisols with low organic matter contents. Transformation of IO3 into organoiodine was not retarded when the microbial activity in soil was reduced by γ-ray irradiation, suggesting that microbial activity was not essential for the transformation of inorganic iodine into organoiodine. Soil organic matter has the ability to transform inorganic iodine into organoiodine.  相似文献   
4.
Retardation capacity of organophilic bentonite for anionic fission products   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Sorption and diffusivity of iodide and pertechnetate (I- and TcO4-) on MX-80 bentonite with different hexadecylpyridinium (HDPy+) loadings were studied using equilibrium solutions of different ionic strengths. In HDPy(+)-modified bentonite, iodide and pertechnetate ions exhibited increasing sorption (characterized by the distribution ratio, Rd), while Cs+ and Sr2+ showed decreasing sorption with increasing organophilicity. In case of medium-loading levels, the simultaneous sorption of anions (I- and TcO4-) and cations (Cs+ and Sr2+) was observed. Sorption of ions was influenced by the composition of the electrolytes employed. It decreased gradually with increasing ionic strength of the electrolyte solutions. The experiments revealed the general tendency that the diffusivity (Da [cm2.s-1]) for iodide and pertechnetate decreases with increasing organophilicity and increases with increasing ionic strength of the equilibrium solutions, confirming the results of the sorption experiments. Additionally, some mineralogical and chemical investigations, like IR spectral analysis of the organo-bentonite samples and exchange behavior of HDPy+, were performed. On the basis of these analyses, it was concluded that the alkylammonium ions are sorbed as (1) HDPy+ cations, (2) HDPyCl molecules and (3) micelles with decreasing binding intensities in this order.  相似文献   
5.
Although two billion people in the world are suffering from iodine deficiency there is little information on the chemical fate of iodine in the terrestrial environment. Here we show that peatlands play a major role in terrestrial iodine cycling. Chemical data from two peat profiles from Patagonia, Chile imply that transformation of iodine from its inorganic form to organoiodine compounds during early humification in peatlands is a key process in storage of iodine in the terrestrial environment. Once bound in peat, iodine remains stable for thousands of years. In the earths peatlands, net accumulation of iodine since the last glacial period is estimated to be 12–36 teragrams (1 Tg=1012 g). These data suggest that peatlands are a major reservoir of iodine in terrestrial ecosystems. Our novel model of iodine distribution in the terrestrial environment demonstrates the key role of peatlands in burial and reemission of organically bound iodine.  相似文献   
6.
Models for the formation of biogenic iodine in marine aerosols have been proposed in the literature. Here, we analyse the possible species and reactions that could occur in the proposed models. We calculate the enthalpies of formation for the species and the enthalpies of corresponding reactions. We propose a modified model using iodous acid (HOIO) and reactions that are particularly suited to humid conditions.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic  相似文献   
7.
地表水中溶解氧监测及变化规律   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
采用碘-淀粉光度法对连云港大浦河水域中溶解氧进行测定,并对其日变化、季节变化和垂直分布及变化规律进行了分析。  相似文献   
8.
催化光度法测定污水中的苯胺   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究了在硫酸环境中苯胺对Ⅰ~-催化Ce~(4 )-As(Ⅲ)氧化还原反应的抑制作用及其动力学条件,据此建立了催化光度法测定苯胺的新方法。实验结果表明,在0.01mg/L Ⅰ~-、0.001mol/L Ce(SO_4)_2、0.00125mol/L As_2O_3、0.75%(W/V)NaCl、0.225mol/L H_2SO_4溶液中测定苯胺,其线性范围为0.00-0.35mg/L,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~sL·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。采用初蒸馏法可消除金属离子、氨、苯酚。水杨酸的干扰、用本法测定污水中苯胺,结果满意。  相似文献   
9.
研究了水相中,维多利亚蓝B与碘离子(I~-)的显色反应.当磷酸浓度为1.6mol/L,聚乙烯醇为0.08%时,维多利亚蓝B与碘形成络合比为1∶3的络合物,最大吸收峰位于375nm处,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.02×10~4L/mol·cm,碘在(0~16)μg/ml范围内符合比耳定律.方法可用于海洋生物等样品中的微量碘测定,结果满意.  相似文献   
10.
碘吸附器内的核级浸渍活性炭是核电站主要火灾荷载之一,首先通过热重实验与分析,确定了核级浸渍活性炭阴燃前锋温度为350℃,获得了活化能为48.6 kJ/mol。继而基于自主设计的圆柱型活性炭填充床阴燃模拟实验台,在无强迫气流条件下,针对上表面中心引燃条件下的核级浸渍活性炭横向与纵向阴燃蔓延特性进行了实验研究。填充床径向截面温度场重构结果表明,核级浸渍活性炭在高温点热源作用下,易形成快速发展的阴燃蔓延燃烧过程。其中,横向蔓延燃烧速度达3.6 mm/min,明显快于纵向蔓延速度的0.5 mm/min。此外,内部温度场动态演化过程表明,浸渍活性炭向下蔓延燃烧过程中,将在其中部区域形成不断扩大的高温燃烧区,局部温度高于700℃,而此时其上表面温度却相对降低,易掩盖内部的危险区域。  相似文献   
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