基于Sentinel-2 MSI影像的河湖系统水体悬浮物空间分异遥感监测:以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段为例

开展河湖系统悬浮物监测对掌握水体泥沙运移规律、制定水环境治理措施具有重要意义.以安徽省升金湖与连接长江段水体为研究区,根据实测光谱模拟Sentinel-2 MSI影像波段反射率,结合同步水体悬浮物实测数据建立反演模型;而后根据2017～2019年28景MSI影像水体悬浮物反演结果,分析河湖系统水体悬浮物浓度的变化规律,并探究水位变化对其空间分异的影响.结果表明:①根据MSI影像第六波段与第三波段的比值建立的二次多项式模型具有较高的反演精度(R~2=0.863,RMSE=22.211 mg·L~(-1)),适用于高浊度水体悬浮物反演;②在空间上,升金湖入湖口附近、上中湖区西北部和下湖悬浮物浓度相对较高,除夏季外升金湖悬浮物浓度均高于其连接长江段;在时间上,升金湖悬浮物浓度在夏季相对较低,在其他季节较高,而与其连接的长江水体呈现相反的年内变化规律;③闸控影响下河湖连通性改变造成的水位变化,是影响升金湖-长江悬浮物空间分异的关键因素.在平水期与枯水期,升金湖对长江悬浮物浓度变化具有一定的贡献度,而在丰水期,升金湖与长江悬浮物浓度变化之间的相关性不明显.     

Development and application of equipment maintenance and safety integrity management system

Equipment management in process industry in China essentially belongs to the traditional breakdown maintenance pattern, and the basic inspection/maintenance decision-making is weak. Equipment inspection/maintenance tasks are mainly based on the empirical or qualitative method, and it lacks identification and classification of critical equipment, so that maintenance resources can’t be reasonably allocated. Reliability, availability and safety of equipment are difficult to control and guarantee due to the existing maintenance deficiencies, maintenance surplus, potential danger and possible accidents. In order to ensure stable production and reduce operation cost, equipment maintenance and safety integrity management system (MSI) is established in this paper, which integrates ERP, MES, RBI, RCM, SIL and PMIS together. MSI can provide dynamic risk rank data, predictive maintenance data and RAM decision-making data, through which the personnel at all levels can grasp the risk state of equipment timely and accurately and optimize maintenance schedules to support the decision-making. The result of an engineering case shows that the system can improve reliability, availability, and safety, lower failure frequency, decrease failure consequences and make full use of maintenance resources, thus achieving the reasonable and positive result.     

基于欧洲航天局“哨兵-2A”卫星的太湖蓝藻遥感监测

欧洲航天局(ESA)2015年6月23日成功发射"哨兵-2A"卫星,该卫星搭载的多光谱成像仪(MSI)在可见光(VIS)至短波红外(SWIR)波长区间配置了多种光谱波段/地面分辨率组合,可以获取大范围、较短重访周期、较高空间分辨率(10 m)的遥感影像。以太湖2016年6月13日MSI数据为例,在完成大气校正的基础上,分析了太湖典型地物类型光谱特征,采用归一化植被指数(NDVI)结合叶绿素反射峰强度(ρchl)构建的综合阈值法对贡湖湾的蓝藻水华信息进行了提取实验。结果表明:"哨兵-2A"卫星MSI影像质量清晰,可精细地反映植被、蓝藻、水体等典型地物类型的光谱特征;ρchl指数对中-高蓝藻聚集区与水生植被、轻度蓝藻聚集区与混合水体具有较好的分离能力;利用综合阈值法提取贡湖湾中-高蓝藻聚集区面积为60.37 km2,主要分布在贡湖北部沿岸、湖心和南部沿岸。"藻-水"混悬体面积为79.49 km2,贡湖湾东部蓝藻水华相对较轻。