气相色谱法测定汽油作业环境中MTBE含量

建立了汽油作业场所空气中MTBE的气相色谱测定方法。空气中的MTBE用注射器采集，直接进样，经大口径毛细管柱分离，氢焰离子化检测器检测，以保留时间定性，峰面积定量，并考察了MTBE与甲醇、正己烷的分离效果。     

地下水循环井技术处理土壤和地下水中甲基叔丁基醚研究

研究了MTBE在砂土中的静态吸附以及采用地下水循环井技术(GCW)去除砂土和地下水中MTBE的衰减规律。结果表明:MTBE在砂土中的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,相关系数R2为0.99618,在砂土中的吸附平衡时间为24 h;吸附热力学符合Linear平衡吸附,吸附系数为0.00306 m3/kg。GCW运行30 h后,地下水饱和含水层中MTBE浓度由500 mg/L降至72.5 mg/L,去除率为85.5%;砂土中MTBE的吸附量由0.93 mg/g降至0.03 mg/g,去除率达96.4%。水平方向距GCW越近,MTBE的去除效率越快,垂直方向位于GCW上部的MTBE优先会被去除,最佳修复时间为运行15 h。GCW对砂土和地下水中高浓度MTBE具有良好的修复效果。     

串联毛细管柱气相色谱分析石脑油中微量甲基叔丁基醚

应用Agilent 6890 plus 气相色谱仪(配有FID),把一根50 m×0.25 mm×0.5 μm PEG-20M毛细管色谱柱和一根100 m×0.25 mm×0.5 μm HP-1毛细管色谱柱串接,使得甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)能和石脑油中其它组分完全分离,解决了石脑油中微量MTBE的测定难题.方法的标准偏差是0.20%,回收率为100%.     

Biodegradation potential of MTBE in a fractured chalk aquifer under aerobic conditions in long-term uncontaminated and contaminated aquifer microcosms

The potential for aerobic biodegradation of MTBE in a fractured chalk aquifer is assessed in microcosm experiments over 450 days, under in situ conditions for a groundwater temperature of 10 °C, MTBE concentration between 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L and dissolved O₂ concentration between 2 and 10 mg/L. Following a lag period of up to 120 days, MTBE was biodegraded in uncontaminated aquifer microcosms at concentrations up to 1.2 mg/L, demonstrating that the aquifer has an intrinsic potential to biodegrade MTBE aerobically. The MTBE biodegradation rate increased three-fold from a mean of 6.6 ± 1.6 μg/L/day in uncontaminated aquifer microcosms for subsequent additions of MTBE, suggesting an increasing biodegradation capability, due to microbial cell growth and increased biomass after repeated exposure to MTBE. In contaminated aquifer microcosms which also contained TAME, MTBE biodegradation occurred after a shorter lag of 15 or 33 days and MTBE biodegradation rates were higher (max. 27.5 μg/L/day), probably resulting from an acclimated microbial population due to previous exposure to MTBE in situ. The initial MTBE concentration did not affect the lag period but the biodegradation rate increased with the initial MTBE concentration, indicating that there was no inhibition of MTBE biodegradation related to MTBE concentration up to 1.2 mg/L. No minimum substrate concentration for MTBE biodegradation was observed, indicating that in the presence of dissolved O₂ (and absence of inhibitory factors) MTBE biodegradation would occur in the aquifer at MTBE concentrations (ca. 0.1 mg/L) found at the front of the ether oxygenate plume. MTBE biodegradation occurred with concomitant O₂ consumption but no other electron acceptor utilisation, indicating biodegradation by aerobic processes only. However, O₂ consumption was less than the stoichiometric requirement for complete MTBE mineralization, suggesting that only partial biodegradation of MTBE to intermediate organic metabolites occurred. The availability of dissolved O₂ did not affect MTBE biodegradation significantly, with similar MTBE biodegradation behaviour and rates down to ca. 0.7 mg/L dissolved O₂ concentration. The results indicate that aerobic MTBE biodegradation could be significant in the plume fringe, during mixing of the contaminant plume and uncontaminated groundwater and that, relative to the plume migration, aerobic biodegradation is important for MTBE attenuation. Moreover, should the groundwater dissolved O₂ concentration fall to zero such that MTBE biodegradation was inhibited, an engineered approach to enhance in situ bioremediation could supply O₂ at relatively low levels (e.g. 2–3 mg/L) to effectively stimulate MTBE biodegradation, which has significant practical advantages. The study shows that aerobic MTBE biodegradation can occur at environmentally significant rates in this aquifer, and that long-term microcosm experiments (100s days) may be necessary to correctly interpret contaminant biodegradation potential in aquifers to support site management decisions.     

Comprehensive Environmental Investigation at Former Industrial/Petroleum Underground Storage Tank Sites in Long Beach,CA: A Forensic Perspective

Two industrial sites were investigated based on years of available hydrogeologic information and monitoring data for soil and groundwater. Collected data were forensically evaluated using age-dating and fingerprinting methods. The previous business uses of the project sites were as a gas station, laundry/dry-cleaning service, and car wash with petroleum underground storage tanks (USTs). As a result, these sites were exposed to a number of toxic contaminants at relatively high concentrations. Source control was necessary for successful remediation and the ultimate removal of the remaining compounds from these industrial sites. Although contaminated soil around the source was excavated during the remedial action and the high concentrations of contaminants were reduced, typical groundwater contaminants such as petroleum hydrocarbons as gasoline (TPH-G), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes (BTEX), and oxygenates including methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) were persistently found at the studied sites around the source points. The plume and concentration of contaminants had changed their shapes and strength for all monitoring periods. Thus, additional source control seems to be a requirement for the complete removal of source contamination, which must be ascertained with groundwater and soil monitoring on a regular time base. For the study sites, monitored natural attenuation was relatively feasible for the long-term plan; however, it did not offer a perfect remediation solution for an ultimate goal because of residual toxic compounds that might have affected the surrounding residential areas at higher concentrations than their health limits. Therefore, as a remediation strategy, the combination of clean-up technology and natural attenuation with monitoring activities are more highly recommended than either clean-up or natural attenuation used separately.     

甲基叔丁基醚装车安全系统的改进

分析了甲基叔丁基醚装车系统存在的隐患,采取了规范储罐与装车点的安全距离、增设装车操作平台、配备消静电器及鹤管液下装车等措施,保证了装车的安全性。     

车用汽油及含氧燃料的环境效应

基于7辆国6轻型车的WLTC循环测试,计算了汽油?E10和MTBE10(汽油中添加10％体积的甲基叔丁基醚)排放的温室气体的致暖效应(GWP)、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和非甲烷有机气体(NMOG)排放.结果表明,车队平均N2O和CH4排放的GWP分别为0.6和0.07g CO2e/km.E10和MTBE10的非CO2温室...     

好氧颗粒污泥共代谢降解MTBE及微生物群落研究

以MTBE为目标污染物、乙醇为共代谢基质,在SBR反应器中成功实现了好氧污泥的颗粒化.反应器内污泥完全颗粒化后,MTBE进水浓度提高至400mg·L-1左右,出水浓度可稳定在5rag·L-1以下,去除率高达98.5%以上(其中挥发量约占25%).颗粒污泥结构致密,外观呈椭球形,表面微生物群落主要以球菌和短杆菌为主.序批实验表明,MTBE生物降解速率符合Mirhaelis-Menten方程,其单位时间内颗粒污泥(以干污泥计)降解MTBE的最大降解速率值为20.9 mg·g-1·h-1.PCR-DGGE图谱表明,颗粒污泥内微生物种群丰富,且稳定运行阶段微生物种群和结构呆保持高度稳定.克隆测序结果表明,降解MTBE的好氧颗粒污泥反应器优势菌群主要为Flavobacteria,et-proteobacteria,γ-Porteobacteria、Actinobacteria.     

活性炭应用测试新技术——微型快速穿透实验

进行了微型快速穿透(MCRB)实验与中小型、小型传统穿透实验方法的对照实验,结果表明,MCRB实验适用于模拟大型活性炭床的穿透情况,预测处理费用以及精选活性炭.MCRB实验加快了实验速度,避免了传统穿透实验中常见的问题.空床接触时间(EBCT)、活性炭粒径对MCRB实验有一定影响.使用粒径120～180目的活性炭,MCRB实验的压力一般小于3.03×10⁵Pa.MCRB实验对2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)和甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)模拟废水的吸附处理获得合理的研究结果.     

甲基叔丁基醚的污染治理技术研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是一种无铅汽油添加剂,其广泛使用造成了土壤和地下水污染;同时对人类有可疑致癌作用,因此成为人们关注的焦点.对近年来国外MTBE的污染治理技术研究进展进行了综述,并对主要方法进行了对比.在适宜的微生物存在条件下,MTBE的生物降解是可以发生的;植物修复技术可用于地下水和土壤污染治理;物理化学方法种类繁多,包括吸附和高级氧化等,其处理效率高成本也较高;新的处理技术如渗透性活性障壁PRB、膜分离/催化技术等也在研究之中.