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近年来,由个人护理品及废旧塑料直接或间接产生的微塑料不断地在各种环境介质中被检出,且微塑料会对生态系统产生各种危害,因此对微塑料的研究受到越来越广泛的关注。阐述了微塑料在水体、沉积物、沙滩和生物体中的赋存情况,介绍了微塑料的采集与分离方法,以及定性与定量分析方法。指出微塑料对环境及生物体产生的危害,提出现阶段研究存在的主要问题,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。 相似文献
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Distribution and source of microplastics in China's second largest reservoir - Danjiangkou Reservoir
Li Lin Xiong Pan Sheng Zhang Danwen Li Wenliang Zhai Zhen Wang Jingxiang Tao Changqing Mi Qingyun Li John C. Crittenden 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):74-84
Fresh water microplastic pollution is of pressing concern globally, but its distribution and sources in reservoirs are poorly documented. Danjiangkou Reservoir is the second largest reservoir in China and is divided into the Han Reservoir and Dan Reservoir. In this work, microplastic abundances and morphological characteristics of the reservoir were investigated. The microplastic abundance of 15 main tributaries of the reservoir was also measured. The vertical distribution (in water column and sediment), horizontal distribution (in Han Reservoir and Dan Reservoir) and source of microplastics were analyzed. Microplastics accumulated in the middle layer of the reservoir, and the size and color of the microplastic particles changed from the surface to the bottom, which implies that surveys of surface water are not enough to determine the microplastic contamination for deep water reservoirs. In the surface water, the microplastic abundance in the Han Reservoir was lower than that in the Dan Reservoir (p < 0.05), but microplastic abundance did not differ significantly in the intermediate and bottom water. Tributaries were one of the main sources of microplastics for Han Reservoir but not for Dan Reservoir. Agricultural cultivation in the hydro-fluctuation belt might be an important source of microplastics in the Dan Reservoir, which should be given additional attention. The results of this study can provide valuable information for developing microplastic sampling strategies in deep water reservoirs. Further studies are recommended to investigate the process through which microplastics in the hydro-fluctuation belt enter the reservoir and the sinking behavior of microplastics in the reservoir. 相似文献
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Muhammad Masood Ashiq Farhad Jazaei Kati Bell Ahmed Shakir Ali Ali Alireza Bakhshaee Peyman Babakhani 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):124
Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape. 相似文献
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Yin Liu Matthias C. Rillig Quan Liu Jingjing Huang Muhammad Amjad Khan Xiaohui Li Qin Liu Qingqing Wang Xuesong Su Linyi Lin Yang Bai Genmao Guo Yi Huang Yong Sik Ok Shan Hu Junfeng Wang Honggang Ni Qing Huang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):110
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Valter M. Azevedo-Santos Marcelo F. G. Brito Pedro S. Manoel Júlia F. Perroca Jorge Luiz Rodrigues-Filho Lucas R. P. Paschoal Geslaine R. L. Gonalves Milena R. Wolf Martín C. M. Blettler Marcelo C. Andrade Andr B. Nobile Felipe P. Lima Ana M. C. Ruocco Carolina V. Silva Gilmar Perbiche-Neves Jorge L. Portinho Tommaso Giarrizzo Marlene S. Arcifa Fernando M. Pelicice 《Ambio》2021,50(7):1313
Plastics are dominant pollutants in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Scientific studies that investigated the interaction between plastics and freshwater biodiversity are incipient, especially if compared to the marine realm. In this review, we provide a brief overview of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems around the world. We found evidence of plastic ingestion by 206 freshwater species, from invertebrates to mammals, in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. In addition, we reported other consequences of synthetic polymers in freshwater ecosystems—including, for instance, the entanglement of animals of different groups (e.g., birds). The problem of plastic pollution is complex and will need coordinated actions, such as recycling programs, correct disposal, stringent legislation, regular inspection, replacement of synthetic polymers with other materials, and ecological restoration. Current information indicates that the situation in freshwater ecosystems may be as detrimental as the pollution found in the ocean, although highly underappreciated.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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Md. Ekramul Karim Sohana Al Sanjee Shohel Mahmud Modhusudon Shaha Md. Moniruzzaman Keshob Chandra Das 《Chemistry and Ecology》2020,36(1):83-99
ABSTRACTMicroplastics are emerging environmental pollutants that have gained tremendous scientific interest in recent years. These micropollutants are omnipresent both in the terrestrial and aquatic environments posing a deleterious threat to the ecosystem and biodiversity. So, it is important to develop a deep understanding of the environmental fate and potential adverse impacts of microplastics on the aquatic and terrestrial environments. By critically reviewing the previously published scientific literature, the present synthesis briefly outlines the characteristics, occurrence and potential toxic effects of microplastics on terrestrial and aquatic biota. The article also focuses on some innovative approaches for sustainable remediation of macroplastics as well as microplastics. Since the concept of microplastics pollution has yet in its infancy in Bangladesh, this synthesis provides an overview of the current scenario of microplastics pollution and some future research recommendations in the context of Bangladesh which might be helpful to the novice researchers of this field. 相似文献
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于2019年10月,对江苏省(连云港、盐城和南通3市)近岸海域6个站位进行了1个航次的表层海水微塑料采样,监测分析了微塑料的粒径、丰度和组分分布情况。结果表明,江苏省近岸海域表层海水中微塑料污染广泛存在,监测站位检出率100%。微塑料粒径分布为0.02~4.80 mm,微米级微塑料占比最高(总体粒径占比83.4%),6个站位中15,24,36和37站位毫米级微塑料占比较高,呈现距离海岸越近毫米级微塑料占比越高的趋势。微塑料的丰度为0.06~1.18个/m3,平均丰度为0.33个/m3,站位丰度排序为:36站位<26站位<37站位<24站位<15站位<59站位,其中站位最大丰度为站位最小的19.6倍。6个站位中,59站位的微塑料组分最多。所有微塑料组分中,乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)占比最高。微米级微塑料共有16种塑料组分,其中EVA占49.0%,聚氨基甲酸乙酯(PU)占24.3%;毫米级微塑料共有5种塑料组分,其中聚苯乙烯(PS)占比最高(43.3%)。 相似文献
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以环境中双壳类、鱼类及节肢类等水生生物为对象,介绍了其对微塑料的累积与清除,重点分析了微塑料特性、生物特性和食物等因素对微塑料生物累积与清除的影响,并进一步概述了微塑料沿水生食物链的传递效应,阐述了其对复合污染物食物链传递的影响过程。结果发现,微塑料在水生生物中的累积、清除与其自身尺寸、形态和聚合物类型等密切相关,水生生物的结构特异性是干扰微塑料从生物体内排泄的重要因素,有无食物的环境条件是调节双壳类和节肢类生物对微塑料累积与清除的重要路径;微塑料虽然可以通过食物链由低营养级向高营养级传递,但不一定会产生生物放大效应;微塑料的载体效应导致其复合污染物的食物链传递过程发生改变,共存污染物在生物体内的释放和吸收时间是调控微塑料复合污染物食物链传递能力的重要因素。 相似文献
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Lihua Pang Qianhui Lin Shasha Zhao Hao Zheng Chenguang Li Jing Zhang Cuizhu Sun Lingyun Chen Fengmin Li 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(8):94