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Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Edward J. Rykiel Jr. 《Ecological modelling》1996,90(3):229
The ecological literature reveals considerable confusion about the meaning of validation in the context of simulation models. The confusion arises as much from semantic and philosophical considerations as from the selection of validation procedures. Validation is not a procedure for testing scientific theory or for certifying the ‘truth’ of current scientific understanding, nor is it a required activity of every modelling project. Validation means that a model is acceptable for its intended use because it meets specified performance requirements.Before validation is undertaken, (1) the purpose of the model, (2) the performance criteria, and (3) the model context must be specified. The validation process can be decomposed into several components: (1) operation, (2) theory, and (3) data. Important concepts needed to understand the model evaluation process are verification, calibration, validation, credibility, and qualification. These terms are defined in a limited technical sense applicable to the evaluation of simulation models, and not as general philosophical concepts. Different tests and standards are applied to the operational, theoretical, and data components. The operational and data components can be validated; the theoretical component cannot.The most common problem with ecological and environmental models is failure to state what the validation criteria are. Criteria must be explicitly stated because there are no universal standards for selecting what test procedures or criteria to use for validation. A test based on comparison of simulated versus observed data is generally included whenever possible. Because the objective and subjective components of validation are not mutually exclusive, disagreements over the meaning of validation can only be resolved by establishing a convention. 相似文献
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以镇江市国控废气污染源在线比对监测为例,分析了国控废气污染源比对监测存在的典型问题,从监测规范、比对方法、运维管理等角度剖析原因,提出,合理设置手工与在线监测点位,减少比对监测方法干扰因素,加强在线监测仪器维护监督管理等建议,从而提高比对监测合格率,更好地开展国控污染源在线比对监测工作。 相似文献
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介绍了中国台湾地区对社会第三方环境检测机构的管理历程与资质认定办法,并借鉴其日常监管方式,提出了完善法律制度,实现行业主管部门的监管,建立质量管理体系,提升第三方机构的能力水平,强调以预防为主的动态管理,促进环境检测市场良性发展等建议。 相似文献
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关于我国安全工程师职称的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
刘潜 《中国安全科学学报》1996,(Z1)
叙述了研究我国安全工程师职称的目的、意义、研究内容、关键难点、前期准备、研究方案、经济效益等内容,并介绍了国内外安全工程专业技术与教育状况。 相似文献
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试论我国建设项目环境保护管理现状及改进方向 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境影响评价制度和“三同时”制度是我国建设项目环境保护管理的两项法律制度。本文较全面地论述了我国目前建设项目执行环境影响评价和“三同时”制度的现状和今后的改进方向 相似文献
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