排序方式: 共有14条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
介绍了拟建的射阳纸浆厂的废水处理工艺;并对选用的生态工程结构、工艺条件、功能和经济与生态效益进行了分析;给出了结论和建议. 相似文献
2.
大米草、芦苇群落对COD、N、P和NH4-N等污染物有着明显的净化作用,这对潮间带水质稳定起着积极的作用.研究发现在同一淹水深度下,随着群落盖度的增加,芦苇与大米草对有机物、N,P的净化能力也随之增强;而随着淹水深度的增加,大米草对COD的去除率在淹水深度为30 cm时效果最佳;而芦苇群落对COD去除率随淹水深度的增加呈缓慢下降的趋势.光照能够促进湿地植物群落对污染物的净化,但受植物群落垂直结构与淹水深度的影响很大.在群落盖度大于60%、淹水深度为30 cm与当前水质条件下,大米草、芦苇二者联合净化作用在一个潮周期内对有机物、N、P和NH4-N分别可达33.6、24.9、20.8和27.6%以上. 相似文献
3.
Vegetation management in shallow groundwater table environments requires an understanding of the interactions between the physical and biological factors that determine root-zone soil salinization and moisture. In this study, the effects of groundwater depth and flood irrigation strategies on water and salt dynamics and reed water use were analyzed in the shallow groundwater region of the Yellow River Delta in China using the HYDRUS-1D model. The results indicated that there is a conflict between water, salt stress, and reed water use with variations in groundwater depth. A water table depth of 3.5 m is the minimum limit to maintain a safe level of soil salinity, but at this depth, the environmental stress on reeds is worsened by the decrease in soil water storage. Maintaining the flood pulses on the wetland, especially during May, may be critical for restoring the reed wetland in the Yellow River Delta. 相似文献
4.
Thrassyvoulos Manios Michalis S. Fountoulakis Anastasios D. Karathanasis 《Environmental management》2009,43(5):908-920
Two free water surface (FWS) and two subsurface flow (SSF) pilot-size wetlands were constructed for the evaluation of their
performance in treating highway runoff (HRO) in the heart of the Mediterranean region, the island of Crete, at the southernmost
point of Greece. Detailed recordings of the resources involved during the construction allowed a thorough calculation of the
cost of the systems and the requirements in materials, man-hours, and equipment. The two identical FWS systems had a surface
area of 33 m2 each, while the two identical SSF covered 32 m2 each. One FWS and one SSF, named FWS12 and SSF12, respectively, were designed with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 h,
with each one capable of treating a maximum HRO of 12.6 m3/day. The other couple, named FWS24 and SSF24, respectively, was designed with an HRT of 24 h, with each receiving a maximum
HRO of 6.3 m3/days. An influent storage tank was required to hold the runoff during the common storm events and control the flow rate (and
the hydraulic retention time) into the wetlands. This construction represented 25% of the total construction cost, while 5%
was spent on the influent automated (and sun-powered) control and distribution system, from the storage tank to the wetlands.
The respective total cost allocated to the two SSF systems (€14,676) was approximately 10% higher than that of the FWS (€13,596),
mainly due to the three different-sized gravel layers used in the SSF substrate compared to the topsoil used in the FWS, which
tripled the cost and placement time. The Total Annual Economic Cost (TAEC) was €1799/year and €1847/year for the FWS and SSF
pair, respectively. TAEC was also used to compare the economic efficiency of the systems per cubic meter of HRO treated and
kilograms of COD and TSS removed from the wetlands during their first operational year. Based on these estimations, FWS12
recorded the lowest TAECCOD and TAECTSS values (€89.09/kg and €43.69/kg, respectively) compared to the other three systems, presenting a more economically favorable
option. 相似文献
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6.
A review on numerous modeling approaches for effective, economical and ecological treatment wetlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of "green technology" for wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the numerous modeling approaches ranging from simple first-order models to more complex dynamic models of treatment behaviour in CWs. The main objective of the modeling work is to better understand the process in CWs and optimize design criteria. A brief study in this review discusses the efforts taken to describe the process-based model for the efficient removal of pollutants in CWs. Obtaining better insights is essential to understand the hydraulic and biochemical processes in CWs. Currently, employed modeling approaches can be seen in two categories, i.e. "black-box models" and "process-based models". It is evident that future development in wetland technology will depend on improved scientific knowledge of internal treatment mechanisms. 相似文献
7.
Phenolic compounds are partly known as endocrine disruptors with various harmful effects including feminization and carcinogenesis at very low concentrations. Consequently, the pathways and removal of these compounds in natural and artificial sewage treatment systems such as wetlands have received wide concern. In this paper, a natural reed bed wetland with an area of 695 ha located in the Liaohe River estuary in Northeast China was employed as a demonstration site to study the retention and removal efficiency of phenolic compounds including 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), and to evaluate their purification capacity via water and mass balance analyses during an irrigation period from May 9 to September 8, 2009. The results showed that the phenolic compounds could be retained in the wetland system and removed through various processes. On average, 27.5% of phenolic compounds could be retained by the wetland substrate during the initial three-day irrigation period with a retention capacity order of 4-t-OP > 4-NP > BPA > DCP. During the following 120 d irrigation period, the phenolic compounds could be efficiently removed with an average percentage of 91.6%. It is estimated that 1.76 kg d−1 of phenolic compounds could be removed by the Liaohe River estuarine wetland (∼8 × 104 ha). The reed bed wetland system therefore provides a feasible mitigation option for phenolic pollutants in sewage and wastewater. 相似文献
8.
Terzakis S Fountoulakis MS Georgaki I Albantakis D Sabathianakis I Karathanasis AD Kalogerakis N Manios T 《Chemosphere》2008,72(2):141-149
Two free water surface (FWS) and two subsurface flow (SSF) pilot-size constructed wetlands treating highway runoff (HRO) were monitored over a period of two years (September 2005-August 2007). One FWS and one SSF were designed with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12h, named FWS12 and SSF12, respectively, with each one capable of treating a maximum HRO of 12.6 m(3) d(-1). The other couple, named FWS24 and SSF24, respectively, was designed with an HRT of 24h, with each receiving a maximum HRO of 6.3 m(3) d(-1). The influent flowed from a highway section with a total surface 2752 m(2) on the island of Crete, Greece, in the heart of the South-Central Mediterranean region. Influent and effluent were monitored for COD, TSS, total N (TN), NO(3)(-) and total P (TP) concentrations. Furthermore, removal efficiencies were examined for heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) for both years, while polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) were examined for the period between September 2006 and August 2007. The influent had a two-year average COD value of 101 mg l(-1), whereas the mean values for TSS, TN, N-NO(3)(-) and TP were 203, 4.30, 1.25 and 4.17 mg l(-1), respectively. For Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn the respective two-year mean influent concentrations were 56, 114, 49 and 250 microg l(-1). Mean concentration of total PAHs in runoff (summation operator PAHs, 16 compounds) were 12.01 microg l(-1). The performance among the four beds was not significantly different according to ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey test (at p<0.05) for almost all the above physicochemical parameters, suggesting that all systems performed in a similar way. All studied systems, achieved a mean of two-year removal efficiencies of 47% for COD, 89% for TSS, 49% for TN, 58% for N-NO(3)(-), 60% for TP, 47% for Cu, 23% for Ni, 33% for Pb, 61% for Zn and 59% for summation operator PAHs (16 compounds). 相似文献
9.
Jinzhi Wang Zhengyi Hu Xingkai Xu Xia Jiang Binghui Zheng Xiaoning Liu Xubin Pan Paul Kardol 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(8):1546-1552
Combined pre-composting and vermicomposting has shown potential for reclamation of solid wastes, which is a significant source of ammonia (NH3), and greenhouse gases (GHG), including nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Earthworms and amendments may both affect physico-chemical characteristics that control gas-producing processes, and thus affect NH3 and GHG emissions. Here, we used two-way ANOVA to test the effects of addition of reed straw and combined addition of reed straw and zeolite on NH3 and GHG emissions during pre-composting of duck manure, either with or without a follow-up phase of vermicomposting. Results showed that cumulative N2O, CH4, and CO2 emissions during pre-composting and vermicomposting ranged from 92.8, 5.8, and 260.6 mg kg?1 DM to 274.2, 30.4, and 314.0 mg kg?1 DM, respectively. Earthworms and amendments significantly decreased N2O and CH4 emissions. Emission of CO2 was not affected by earthworms, but increased in responses to addition of reed straw. Cumulative NH3 emission ranged from 3.0 to 8.1 g kg?1 DM, and was significantly decreased by reed straw and zeolite addition. In conclusion, combined pre-composting and vermicomposting with reed straw and zeolite addition would be strongly recommended in mitigating emissions of N2O, CH4, and NH3 from duck manure. Moreover, this method also provides nutrient-rich products that can be used as a fertilizer. 相似文献
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