土壤中多环芳烃的SPMD辅助解吸行为研究

为了开发一种表征土壤中憎水性有机污染物解吸及生物有效性的新方法,建立了半透膜被动采样装置（SPMD）研究土壤中有机污染物解吸行为的方法,利用SPMD分析了多环芳烃菲、芘和苯并［a］芘在3种不同性质土壤中的辅助解吸行为.结果表明,SPMD是一种很好地表征土壤中憎水性有机污染物解吸及生物有效性的手段. SPMD辅助解吸多环芳烃的效率与土壤有机质及多环芳烃性质有关.随着土壤有机质含量的降低,土壤中菲和芘的SPMD解吸率逐渐升高,对于10 mg/kg染毒水平,当土壤有机质含量由18.68%降低到0.3%时,2种化合物的解吸率分别由56.45%和48.28%上升到接近100%;但是对于苯并［a］芘,粘土表现出明显的滞留能力,在有机质含量（0.3%）很低、粘土含量（39.05%）较高的3号土壤中,苯并［a］芘的解吸率仅有66.97%.不同多环芳烃SPMD辅助解吸率差别很大,随着土壤有机质含量的降低,以及污染物浓度的提高,菲和芘的解吸差异逐渐缩小,而苯并［a］芘与上述2种多环芳烃的差异很大,主要是由于苯并［a］芘具有高度亲脂性,并且分子较大,造成其容易滞留在粘土的微孔及有机质的致密结构中.     

利用两种采样技术监测淮河水中的有毒有机污染物

利用固相萃取（SPE）和三油酸酯－半渗透膜采样器（triolein－SPMD）采集并测定了淮河信阳、淮南２个采样点水样中有毒有机污染物浓度．对２种采样方法的比较发现,对于水中多氯联苯、多环芳烃、取代苯３类目标污染物检出种类基本相同,但这些污染物在SPMD样品中浓度的富集倍数明显增加．污染物在triolein－SPMD酯中的高浓度,便污染物的定性和定量更加容易和准确,可以根据triolein－SPMD酯／水分配平衡理论计算目标污染物在水中的平均浓度,其结果与SPE具有可比性．综合triolein－SPMD在经济和操作上的诸多优点,本研究认为triolein－SPMD技术可在我国的优先污染物的监测工作中发挥作用．     

模拟生物采样和原位鱼体生物富集水中PAHs的比较

半渗透膜采样技术(SPMD)模拟了生物富集水中疏水性有机污染物的过程,并且可以用来监测生物有效态污染物的长期平均浓度.但是在野外条件下SPMD和鱼体生物富集作用的比较研究相对较少.本工作在太湖梅梁湾选取了5个站点,同时放置SPMD和笼养的鲫鱼暴露32 d,以研究水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)在SPMD和鱼体内的富积规律.结果表明,SPMD和鲫鱼所富集的多环芳烃在组分构成和相对富集量上类似,不同采样点的各种多环芳烃的生物浓缩因子(lg BCF)和器件富集因子(lg DCF)之间存在显著相关性(p<0.000 1).定量的分析数据表明,鱼体和SPMD对PAHs的富集量在脂类归一化后差异不大,两者的比值在0.47和4.12之间变动,有较好的可比性.因此认为,SPMD能够模拟淡水湖泊中鱼类富集多环芳烃的过程,可以用来估算多环芳烃在鱼体中的浓度水平.     

Application of semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) to assess air genotoxicity in an occupational environment

Semipermeable membrane device (SPMD) is a passive sampler that sequesters lipophilic contaminants, mimicking the bioconcentration in the fatty tissue of organisms. This study was designed to assess the use of SPMD and biological tests (Comet assay and Ames test) for air monitoring. For this purpose an occupational environment with expected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination (coke plant) was selected for a case study. The SPMDs were deployed in five occupational contaminated sites and in a control site. The SPMD dialysates were chemically analysed and examined for in vitro DNA-damaging activity in human cells (Jurkat) by Comet assay and for mutagenicity with the Ames test (TA98 strain, w/o S9). Total suspended particulates were also collected and analysed (GC–MS). No biological effect of SPMD extract was revealed in the control site. On the other hand, air samples collected with SPMDs within the coke plant showed variable degrees of genotoxic and mutagenic activity. The highest effects were associated with the highest PAH level recovered in the SPMDs extracts and in particulate samples.Results obtained support the sensitivity of biological tests associated to SPMD sampling for evaluating the health risk of potentially contaminated work environments highlighting the usefulness of SPMDs for environmental air quality monitoring.     

利用Triolein半渗透膜采样技术测定洋河水中的优先污染物

应用Ｔｒｉｏｌｅｉｎ半渗透膜采样器采集了河北洋河宣化至官厅水库河段水样,根据测定采样器中多氯联苯污染物（ＰＣＢｓ）及其它优先污染物浓度,可以估算这些污染物在河段水体中的平均浓度。将结果与同时同地采集的水样,经萃取浓缩后分析得到的结果比较,发现对于不同类型污染物,二者符合程度不同。本研究证明半渗透膜被动采样技术可用于水中多氯联苯等难降解污染物的定量监测,有可能在我国的优先污染物监测工作中发挥作用     

半渗透膜采样技术监测城市污水处理流程中的难降解有毒有机污染物

应用新型半透膜采样技术（ＳＰＭＤ）,监测某城市污水处理流程中８个点污水中两类难降解有毒有机污染物多氯联苯（ＰＣＢ）和多环芳烃（ＰＡＨ）,同时同地采集水样,气相色谱质谱联机,选择性离子扫描方式对各ＰＣＢ异构体和ＰＡＨ定性定量。与水样液液萃取相比,ＳＰＭＤ采样技术显著提高了分析的准确度。根据测定的采样器中污染物浓度,推算采样期间该点污水中的平均浓度,与瞬间水样分析结果符合程度较好。半透膜采样方法可用于污水处理工艺流程中多氯联苯和多环芳烃污染物的定性和半定量监测     

Long-term air monitoring of organochlorine pesticides using Semi Permeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) in the Alps

Atmospheric sampling of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was conducted using Semi Permeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) deployed in the Alps at different altitudinal transects for two consecutive exposure periods of half a year and a third simultaneous year-long period. Along all the altitude profiles, the sequestered amounts of OCPs increased in general with altitude. SPMDs were still working as kinetic samplers after half a year for the majority of the OCPs. However, compounds with the lowest octanol-air partition coefficient (K_oa), reached equilibrium within six months. This change in the SPMD uptake was determined for the temperature gradient along the altitude profile influencing K_oa, OCPs availability in the gaseous phase, and SPMD performance. In sum, it seems two effects are working in parallel along the altitude profiles: the change in SPMD performance and the different availability of OCPs along the altitudinal transects determined by their compound properties and concentrations in air.     

半渗透膜采样技术在有机污染物分析中的应用

SPMD对亲脂性有机污染物具有富集倍数高(105),样品前处理简单,易于保存、携带,重现性好等特点。有可能成为一种新的相对标准监测方法。可用于研究有机污染物在空气、生物、污水处理、海水、沉积物河水、迁移规律以及水动力学模型的工具,进而可直接研究有机污染物有关的生态毒理实验。     

基于线性溶解能关系预测污染物在被动采样材料与环境介质之间的分配系数

半透膜采样装置(SPMD)作为一种重要的被动采样器,被用于监测有机污染物的环境水平.SPMD的采样材料是置于低密度聚乙烯"口袋"中的三油酸甘油酯.根据有机污染物在被动采样材料与环境介质之间的平衡分配系数(包括被动采样材料/空气分配系数K(sA).和被动采样材料/水分配系数K(sw))值,可估算SPMD的采样速率,也可计...     

Pine needle and semi-permeable membrane device derived organochlorine compounds (OCPs) concentrations in air in Mersin Province to Taurus,Turkey

Abstract

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in three different ages (half-, 1.5-, 2.5-year-old) for needles and semi permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) at three deployment periods from sea level to 1881 meter above sea level. Individual HCHs concentrations ranged between 1.4 and 129?pg/g fw depending on the age and sampling season while 2.5-year-old needles showed higher HCHs levels compared to half and 1.5- year-old. Correlation between elevation and HCH concentration in SPMDs was found but not in needle samples. Concentrations of HCHs in SPMDs indicated clearly cold condensation effect on accumulation in winter period and increased with altitude. Concentrations of DDTs in half and 1.5-year-old needles were lower than 2.5-year-old needles. The highest total concentration of DDTs was detected in 1-year-period SPMD. Higher concentrations were found in 2.5-year-old needles for other OCPs. Seasonal and altitude-dependent changes were not observed for other OCPs in SMPDs. Total accumulation of OCPs in SPMDs were found higher than in needles. On the contrary, an increased accumulation rate was observed for HCHs in SPMD. In general, Total concentrations of DDTs and HCHs were similar to total of other OCPs in all altitudes when dominating endosulfan wasnot taken into account in the computation of total concentration of other OCPs.