Constraints to Watershed Planning: Group Structure and Process1

Floress, Kristin, Jean C. Mangun, Mae A. Davenport, and Karl W.J. Williard, 2009. Constraints to Watershed Planning: Group Structure and Process. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1352‐1360. Abstract: The roles that agencies and other partners play in collaborative watershed management are not always clearly identified. Key factors contributing to group‐level outcomes in watershed groups include both structural and procedural elements. Structural elements include membership systems, project partners, and funding, while procedural elements include leadership, shared vision, and mission development. The current research reports on a case study conducted with a Midwestern watershed group that received Clean Water Act Section 319 funds to undertake a watershed planning process. Data come from focus groups, interviews, public comments, and meeting observation, and were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings of this study indicate that homogenous skill set, discord over group and partner roles, and failed problem identification contributed to the organizational inertia experienced by the watershed group. Implications of this research for groups receiving 319 funds are provided.     

WASP水质模型在辽河干流污染减排模拟中的应用

运用WASP模型对辽河流域实施水质改善方案后水质的变化进行模拟,以辽河干流铁岭段水质指标COD为例,结合流域污染削减目标寻求合理的减排任务分配方案。结果袁明：根据不同季节灵活地分配减排任务,辽河干漉铁岭段年削减COD1．74—2．49万吨可使其水质状况得到明显改善,迭到减排耳标。     

浑河沈阳段“十一五”期间水体构成及污染来源分析

介绍了浑河沈阳段"十一五"期间水体的构成,分析了其支流水质状况以及浑河沈阳段主要污染来源。结果表明,支流河是浑河补水的主要来源,污水处理厂尾水已成为支流河和浑河干流的主要补水来源,其中上游径流38%,污水厂排水8%及细河、蒲河、满堂河和白塔保河等5条支流河补水54%;浑河沈阳段污染源数量最多的是农业源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的55.33%;其次是生活源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的26.19%;再次是工业源,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的18.43%;最少的是集中式污染治理设施,占浑河流域沈阳段污染源的0.05%。     

大凌河朝阳段大型底栖无脊椎动物监测及BI指数评价

通过对大凌河朝阳段5个采样点9个样本的底栖动物监测分析,检出底栖动物59种,采用BI指数进行水质评价。调查结果表明,大凌河南大桥及上游河段为清洁,市区段下游为轻污染至中污染。     

RESOLUTION OF ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT ISSUES IN PERMITTING TILE PLATEAU CREEK PIPELINE1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes how a hydrologic model proved to be a valuable tool to help interested parties understand impacts to four threatened and endangered fish species in the Upper Colorado River. In 1994, the Ute Water Conservancy District initiated permitting and design of the Plateau Creek pipeline replacement. The project was considered a major Federal action and therefore subject to the National Environmental Policy Act. Under Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) entered the process to develop a Biological Opinion (BO) and determined that the project could potentially impact the endangered fish in the 15‐mile reach of the Colorado River. The Section 7 consultation was directed by a Core Committee comprised of stakeholders in the Upper Colorado River watershed. Hydrologic modeling became the evaluation tool for comparing flow reductions to USFWS target recovery flows and defining make‐up flow requirements to meet those targets. The Colorado River Recovery Implementation Program was designated to provide the make‐up flows. The USFWS released a final BO in December 1997, approving diversions through 2015. An Environmental Impact Statement for the project was completed and the Record of Decision was issued by the Bureau of Land Management in early 1998.     

长江,嘉陵江重庆段国控监测点位相关性分析

通过对长江、嘉陵江重庆段国控监测点位十年监测资料的分析，考察了监测点位间的相关性，从而论证了监测点位布设的合理笥及存在的问题，提出了一些改进意见。     

液体化工罐区静电产生的原因及防范措施

对液体化工罐区静电产生的原因及可能产生的严重危害性做了详细的分析,并提出了防范措施.     

辽河铁岭段水质污染状况及治理措施

本文以2001年至2005年辽河铁岭段及其支流监狈嘲招为依据，分析“十五”期间辽河铁岭段及其支流水质污染状况、污染原因，并提出相应的治理措施。     

Regulatory context for cumulative impact research

Wetlands protection has become a topic of increased public attention and support, and regulation of wetlands loss under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act has received high priority within the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Despite this, the nation is continuing to experience serious wetlands losses. This situation reflects the contentious nature of wetlands protection; it involves fundamental conflicts between environmental and development interests. Better information is needed to support regulatory decision making, including information on cumulative impacts. Currently, consideration of cumulative impacts, although required by various federal regulations, is limited. One reason is that most regulatory decisions are made on a permit-specific, site-specific basis, whereas cumulative impacts must be assessed on a broader, regional scale. In addition, scientific information and methods necessary to support cumulative impact assessment have been lacking. An anticipatory, planning-oriented framework to complement the existing site-specific permit review program is needed to support more effective consideration of cumulative impacts; such an effort is beginning to emerge. In addition, EPA is supporting research to provide better information on cumulative effects. It is recommended that the EPA program place initial emphasis on synthesis and analysis of existing information, on maximizing its use in decision making, and on information transfer. Recommended approaches include correlation of historic wetlands losses with loss of wetlands function and values, regional case studies, and development of indices of cumulative impact for use in permit review.Formerly Director, Office of Federal Activities, US Environmental Protection Agency     

Wetland development trends in coastal North Carolina,USA, from 1970 to 1984

Coastal wetlands are a valuable resource to North Carolina, USA, representing important habitat for marine organisms and providing flood control areas and buffer zones from marine storms. An analysis of wetland development trends in coastal North Carolina from 1970 to 1984 was conducted using over 3000 files containing 15 years of permitting records. The total amount of coastal wetland area altered due to authorized development under the Coastal Area Management Act (CAMA), the Dredge and Fill Law, and Section 404 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act is 1740 ha. This represents nearly 2% of the salt marsh wetlands along the coast of North Carolina. The number of permits issued steadily increased during the 1980s; however, the total amount of wetland loss decreased each year. A few large projects in the early 1970s accounted for nearly 70% of all wetland area developed during the 15-year period. Nearly two-thirds of all projects involving wetland destruction involved impacts on high marsh ecosystems. Bulkheads, canals, and filling activities made up 80% of the projects requiring permits; 62% of the permits were issued to private landowners, but this group accounted for only 16% of the losses of wetland area. Utility companies, which accounted for less than 1% of the permits issued, were responsible for 46% of the permitted wetland loss during the 15-year study period. Future studies should address agriculture and forestry practices which are exempt under CAMA laws and therefore their effects on wetland alteration have not been quantified.