Subcritical water oxidation of propham by H2O2 using response surface methodology (RSM)

This study was conducted to investigate the degradation of propham, which is a compound that pollutes water and seriously threatens human health, by subcritical water oxidation and using H₂O₂ as an oxidising agent. The maximum total organic carbon removal rate of propham was obtained as 73.65% at 40 min of treatment time and 60 mM of H₂O₂ concentration and 373 K of temperature. In addition, response surface method based on the Box-Behnken design was applied to design the degradation experiments of propham for determination of the combined effects of process variables, namely temperature, concentration of oxidising agent and treatment time. The proposed quadratic model of propham degradation, which was examined with the analysis of variance, was used for navigating the design space. The R² and adjusted R² values of the model were determined as 0.9921 and 0.9819 respectively. It was shown that propham was effectively degraded, thus could be removed from the water by using an environmentally friendly method.     

珠三角表层沉积物的有机碳及其与卤系阻燃剂的关系

测定了珠江三角洲130个表层沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)和10类卤系阻燃剂(HFRs)的含量,并探讨了TOC与HFRs之间的关系.结果表明:珠三角表层沉积物TOC范围为0.16％～5.76％,平均值为1.25％,呈现明显的空间变化.在工业化程度较高的东莞和广州,沉积物中HFRs与TOC有显著的相关性,而西江和珠江口沉积物中HFRs与TOC的相关性较差,可能与珠江三角洲水动力过程、电子垃圾拆解活动和HFRs不同的来源有关.     

含氯化工废水TOC和COD的相关性研究

COD和TOC均是表征水体有机污染程度的综合性指标,选取含氯有机化工废水和含氯有机无机混合化工废水2种废水,通过准确测定水样的COD与TOC数值,采用一元线性回归方程对所得数据进行拟合,判定高氯废水中COD与TOC的相关性,建立COD对TOC的转换方程.数据表明,样本水样的TOC与COD之间可以建立相应的线性回归方程,TOC与COD之间存在显著的相关性,证明采用TOC值对COD进行转换是可行的.定量关系验证结果表明,TOC对COD的转换系数是可以准确测定的,确定转换系数后,结果是可靠的.     

集中空调系统积尘理化特征

利用现场采样与实验分析的方法,对集中空调系统内的积尘进行了粒径分布、水溶性碳物质及离子含量的分析,以评估集中空调系统内积尘对微生物滋生的影响.结果表明,集中空调系统除新风段外的6个采样段,积尘平均粒径介于6—20μm之间,新风段积尘平均粒径为41.30μm;沿送风方向,微粒的平均粒径减小,单位积尘量所含的水溶性离子和有...     

电絮凝处理油田生化出水

为了减轻对后续处理中超滤膜的污染，采用电絮凝法处理油田生化出水，降低油田生化出水中的有机物含量。研究了电流强度、曝气时间和pH值对水中总有机碳（TOC）和浊度除去效果的影响以及pH值随曝气时间的变化趋势，通过红外光谱对絮凝处理前后水中总溶解固体进行了分析，优化了电絮凝的工艺条件。研究表明，当水流速度控制在50 mL/s，电流强度为2 A，500 mL絮凝出水的曝气时间为30 min时，整套絮凝工艺对TOC的去除率为48%，浊度去除率为42.9%，COD去除率为44%。     

花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地脱氮性能研究

采用花叶芦竹水平潜流人工湿地处理生活污水，对其脱氮性能进行研究。结果表明：在HRT＝5 d，对TOC，NH⁺₄-N，NO^-₂-N，NO^-₃-N和TN的去除效果分别达到92％、93％、84％、51％和88％，相应空白湿地的去除率分别为91％、85％、-232％、-203％和66％。大部分TOC在湿地的前端被去除。花叶芦竹可以直接吸收氮素，向湿地输送氧气，通过根系分泌物提供碳源。因此，花叶芦竹人工湿地具有很好的硝化反硝化能力，实现了良好的脱氮性能。     

Risk assessment of xenoestrogens in a typical domestic sewage-holding lake in China

Release of domestic sewage leads to accumulation of xenoestrogens in holding waters, especially in closed or semi-enclosed waters such as lakes. In the study, the occurrence, distribution, estrogenic activity and risk of eight xenoestreogens were evaluated in Lake Donghu, China. Nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol (OP), and bisphenol A (BPA) were identified as the main xenoestrogens ranging from tens of ng L⁻¹ (in the surface water) or ng g⁻¹ dw (in the suspended particles and sediment) to tens of μg L⁻¹ or μg g⁻¹ dw. The sum of 17β-estradiol equivalents (∑EEQs) ranged from 0.32 to 45.02 ng L⁻¹ in the surface water, 0.53 to 71.86 ng g⁻¹ dw in the suspended particles, and 0.09 to 24.73 ng g⁻¹ dw in the sediment. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) was determined as the main contributor to ∑EEQs followed by NP. The risk assessment showed a higher risk in the surface water than in the suspended particles and sediment in such domestic sewage-holding lake.     

Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: A study on human and plant cells

In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.     

好氧颗粒污泥处理高含盐废水研究

试验采用序批式摇床反应器(SSBR)在高含盐废水中利用不同类型接种污泥培养出了好氧颗粒.结果表明,好氧颗粒污泥能够有效处理高含盐废水并且具有很好的抗盐度冲击能力.当废水盐度小于10 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为葡萄糖时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该废水可以取得70.3%～97.6%的TOC去除率.当进水盐度达到35 g/L NaCl并且进水基质为难降解Vc废水时,利用好氧颗粒污泥处理该含盐废水能够取得与相同基质相同运行条件下淡水废水中相似的70%的TOC去除率.试验在含盐废水中得到了粒径为0.5～3 mm的好氧颗粒污泥,其沉降速度大大高于淡水对照组中得到的好氧颗粒污泥沉降速度.相对淡水对照组中好氧颗粒污泥,含盐废水中好氧颗粒具有污泥产率更低、污泥活性(OUR)更高、颗粒稳定性更好的优势.从不同接种污泥类型来看,好氧絮状污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥接种都能快速实现污泥好氧颗粒化,但絮状污泥接种实现好氧颗粒化所需的时间更短.另外,在相同运行条件下,接种好氧絮状污泥反应器取得的TOC去除效果优于接种厌氧颗粒污泥反应器,但厌氧颗粒污泥接种具有更强的抗盐度冲击能力.     

深圳湾COD与TOC分布特征及相关性

分别于2008年2月(冬季),5月(春季),8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)对深圳湾海水中COD与TOC进行了四个航次的调查和研究,结合国家标准方法,获得了深圳湾COD与TOC的平面和季节分布特征,并对COD与TOC的相关性进行了探讨。结果表明:整个深圳湾海域COD基本遵循从湾内到湾外,逐渐降低的平面分布规律以及夏季春季冬季秋季的季节分布特征;海水TOC也基本遵循从湾内到湾外,逐渐降低的平面分布规律以及秋季冬季夏季春季的季节分布特征;深圳湾COD与TOC之间有着良好的相关性,相关系数大于0.9。