柴油添加剂的研究——有机钡盐的消烟助燃作用

本文介绍一种以有机钡盐为主的复合型柴油添加剂,其主要成分是过氧化钡与环烷酸在焦化汽油中反应所生成的环烷酸钡。台架实验结果表明,该添加剂在柴油中添加量为0.5—1.5‰(重量,以钡计)时,取得了消烟率40.9—66.3％、节能0.36—4.42％的效果。行车试验也证明本添加剂具有优良的消烟节能作用,当添加量为1.0‰(重量,以钡计)时,平均消烟率为67.7％,节油5.21％。     

锶盐废渣含硫状态分析及硫含量的测定

锶盐废渣中硫的状态及含量不同其作用大不相同,有的呈现活性导致膨胀破坏,而有的则表现为惰性,因此有必要了解硫的存在状态及含量。分析表明锶盐废渣中硫主要以硫酸盐硫(SO3)和硫化物硫(S2-)两种形式存在。选择硫酸钡重量法和碘量法进行化学测定,然后用X-射线能谱仪进行元素定性分析;并将化学分析和仪器测定两种方法进行对比。结果表明,X-射线能谱法可以快捷、方便地探测锶渣所含各种元素,但不能确定元素的价态;化学分析方法可得到相对准确的元素含量;用硫酸钡重量法和碘量法联合测定锶渣中的硫含量,与X-射线能谱法相比,偏差仅为0.37%。     

铬酸钡分光光度法和间接原子吸收法测定水中硫酸盐的比较

目的比较铬酸钡分光光度法和间接原子吸收法测定水中硫酸盐的异同。方法比较两种方法的标准曲线和回收率,并对12份地下水和地表水（硫酸盐浓度大于10.0 mg.L-1）分别用两种方法分析。同时进行两种方法精密度和准确度比较。结果两种方法的相关系数均大于0.999,回收率均满足分析要求。进行12份水样测定结果的配对t检验,t=0.13,P﹥0.05。对于10.0 mg.L-1的合成水样,铬酸钡法分光光度法测定相对误差为9.0%,而间接原子吸收法测定相对误差为0.4%。结论铬酸钡分光光度法在测定低浓度硫酸盐时,准确度和灵敏度较间接原子吸收法低,而大于10 mg/L时,两种方法都能得到较好的准确度和灵敏度。     

Anomalous Ba/Ca signals associated with low temperature stresses in Porites corals from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea

Barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratio in corals has been considered as a useful geochemical proxy for upwelling, river flood and other oceanic processes. However, recent studies indicated that additional environmental or biological factors can influence the incorporation of Ba into coral skeletons. In this study, Ba/Ca ratios of two Porites corals collected from Daya Bay, northern South China Sea were analyzed. Ba/Ca signals in the two corals were ‘anomalous’ in comparison with Ba behaviors seen in other near-shore corals influenced by upwelling or riverine runoff. Our Ba/Ca profiles displayed similar and remarkable patterns characterized by low and randomly fluctuating background signals periodically interrupted by sharp and large synchronous peaks, clearly indicating an environmental forcing. Further analysis indicated that the Ba/Ca profiles were not correlated with previously claimed environmental factors such as precipitation, coastal upwelling, anthropogenic activities or phytoplankton blooms in other areas. The maxima of Ba/Ca appeared to occur in the period of Sr/Ca maxima, coinciding with the winter minimum temperatures, which suggests that the anomalous high Ba/Ca signals were related to winter-time low sea surface temperature. We speculated that the Ba/Ca peaks in corals of the Daya Bay were most likely the results of enrichment of Ba-rich particles in their skeletons when coral polyps retracted under the stresses of anomalous winter low temperatures. In this case, Ba/Ca ratio in relatively high-latitude corals can be a potential proxy for tracing the low temperature stress.     

碳酸钡生产过程中废弃物的回收与利用

本文主要探讨BaCO_3生产过程中废弃物综合利用的途径     

石墨烯量子点/Bi2WO6的制备及其对抗生素的降解性能

采用一步水热法与两步水热法制备了GQDs/Bi₂WO₆（GQDs为石墨烯量子点）复合材料,利用氙灯为光源,考察了暗反应与光反应条件下GQDs/Bi₂WO₆对目标污染物环丙沙星的吸附性能与光催化性能,并对所制备的部分材料进行了表征。实验结果表明,相比于纯Bi₂WO₆,一步法制备的0.20GQDs/Bi₂WO₆（柠檬酸CA与 Bi₂WO₆物质的量比为0.2）和两步法制备的2%GQDs/Bi₂WO₆（GQDs与Bi₂WO₆的质量比为2%）有着相对更好的吸附性能与光催化性能。其中,0.20GQDs/Bi₂WO₆光催化效果最好。暗反应30 min后,环丙沙星吸附去除率为50.4%。光反应60 min后,环丙沙星的光催化去除率为42.6个百分点,总去除率达93.0%。表征结果显示,0.20GQDs/Bi₂WO₆的比表面积最大,且光生空穴和电子复合概率也相对较低。     

用钡渣制取硫酸钡

用盐酸浸取钡渣，所得的氯化钡溶液再和硫酸反庆，得到硫酸钡沉淀，母液返回去浸取钡渣。浸取钡渣的适宜条件为：浸取时间５０ｍｉｎ、ｐＨ２－３、钡渣粒度１２０目、浸取温度４０－４５℃、液固比３：１。     

氯化钡废液联产氢氧化钙和氯化钡

讨论了氯化钡废液联产氢氧化钙及高纯氯化钡的方法和主要影响因素。通过复盐共沉淀、热滤、结晶、精制纯化等工序，用氯化钡的蒸发残液制得了工业级的氢氧化钙和高纯度氯化钡，其纯度分别达95％和99．92％以上。采用有机溶剂析出法精制氯化钡，无需重结晶工序，是对传统工艺的一种改进。     

硫酸钡锶垢去除研究

通过定性分析得出某油田现场结垢物质为硫酸钡锶垢;采用沉淀重量法,对几种市售除垢剂与自制新型除垢剂QX进行了除垢效果对比实验。结果表明,除垢剂QX是一种理想的硫酸钡锶垢除垢剂。当QX加量为25mg／L、温度为50℃时除垢24h,除垢率可达95％以上。同时,对除垢剂加量、除垢时间、盐类加入和酸洗等影响因素进行了正交实验研究,表明除垢剂加量是影响除垢率的主要因素,而酸洗和加入盐会阻碍除垢效果。     

磷石膏联产硫酸钡和氯化钙的研究

介绍了由废渣磷石膏联产硫酸钡和氯化钙的工艺,硫酸钡产品的纯度优于GB/T2899-89的一级品标准,氯化钙产品纯度优于HG/T2327-92的一级品标准。