排序方式: 共有2条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1
1.
Efficiency,costs and trade-offs in marine reserve system design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Romola?R.?StewartEmail author Hugh?P.?Possingham 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(3):203-213
With marine biodiversity conservation the primary goal for reserve planning initiatives, a site's conservation potential is
typically evaluated on the basis of the biological and physical features it contains. By comparison, socio-economic information
is seldom a formal consideration of the reserve system design problem and generally limited to an assessment of threats, vulnerability
or compatibility with surrounding uses. This is perhaps surprising given broad recognition that the success of reserve establishment
is highly dependent on widespread stakeholder and community support. Using information on the spatial distribution and intensity
of commercial rock lobster catch in South Australia, we demonstrate the capacity of mathematical reserve selection procedures
to integrate socio-economic and biophysical information for marine reserve system design. Analyses of trade-offs highlight
the opportunities to design representative, efficient and practical marine reserve systems that minimise potential loss to
commercial users. We found that the objective of minimising the areal extent of the reserve system was barely compromised
by incorporating economic design constraints. With a small increase in area (<3%) and boundary length (<10%), the economic
impact of marine reserves on the commercial rock lobster fishery was reduced by more than a third. We considered also how
a reserve planner might prioritise conservation areas using information on a planning units selection frequency. We found
that selection frequencies alone were not a reliable guide for the selection of marine reserve systems, but could be used
with approaches such as summed irreplaceability to direct conservation effort for efficient marine reserve design. 相似文献
2.
Substantial declines in farmland biodiversity have been reported in Europe for several decades. Agricultural changes have been identified as a main driver of these declines. Although different agrienvironmental schemes have been implemented, their positive effect on biodiversity is relatively unknown. This raises the question as to how to reconcile farming production and biodiversity conservation to operationalize a sustainable and multifunctional agriculture. We devised a bioeconomic model and conducted an analysis based on coviability of farmland biodiversity and agriculture. The coviability approach extended population viability analyses by including bioeconomic risk. Our model coupled stochastic dynamics of both biodiversity and farming land‐uses selected at the microlevel with public policies at the macrolevel on the basis of financial incentives (taxes or subsidies) for land uses. The coviability approach made it possible for us to evaluate bioeconomic risks of these public incentives through the probability of satisfying a mix of biodiversity and economic constraints over time. We calibrated the model and applied it to a community of 34 common birds in metropolitan France at the small agricultural regions scale. We identified different public policies and scenarios with tolerable (0–0%) agroecological risk and modeled their outcomes up to 2050. Budgetary, economic, and ecological (based on Farmland Bird Index) constraints were essential to understanding the set of viable public policies. Our results suggest that some combinations of taxes on cereals and subsidies on grasslands could be relevant to develop a multifunctional agriculture. Moreover, the flexibility and multicriteria viewpoint underlying the coviability approach may help in the implementation of adaptive management. Del Análisis de Viabilidad Poblacional a la Co‐Viabilidad de la Agricultura y la Biodiversidad de las Tierras de Cultivo 相似文献
1