开放源类物料中微粒子排放估算模型的建立

利用实验室微粒子控制模拟试验装置,采用开放源类粉体物料自由下落溢出随机粉尘的实验研究方法,研究了济南市开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中微粒子排放规律;在一定动力因素条件下,探讨了物料种类、粒度组成,物料含水率,环境空气湿度,自由下落中质量流量等因素对物料排放率的影响;通过数学归纳和模型化处理,建立了开放源类粉体物料自由下落过程中大气微粒子排放估算的数学模型;通过对实验数据进行回归分析后认为,粒径、含水率是对排放率影响最大的因素,质量流量是对排放率影响最小的因素。经试验验证,计算值与试验值基本一致。所获结论,对开放源类物料在转运、装卸、堆放等操作过程中大气微粒子的排放估算和综合防治具有重要的参考价值。     

西宁市典型开放源颗粒物粒径组成特征分析

采用BT-9300S激光粒度仪分析了西宁市道路尘、扬尘、土壤尘、建筑尘4种典型开放源的粒径组成。结果表明,4种类型尘中大粒径颗粒物占主导地位,粒径大于10 μm颗粒占到全部颗粒的73.80%以上,可吸入颗粒物的含量仅占7.06%～26.20%;建筑尘的细颗粒物含量最高,粒径小于2.5、1 μm的颗粒含量分别为8.36%±4.25%、2.42%±1.02%;道路尘的细颗粒物含量最低,粒径小于2.5、1 μm的颗粒含量分别为2.30%±0.94%、0.73%±0.28%;4种类型尘的体积平均直径、面积平均直径、中位直径分别在37.70～87.99 μm、8.50～23.53 μm、28.95～74.98 μm之间,其中道路尘的3种粒径参数最大,建筑尘最小;开放源颗粒物的粒度分布曲线主要呈头长尾短的不对称单峰分布,累积频率曲线为两段式,存在较为明显的拐点。     

Standardising and mapping open-source information for crisis regions: the case of post-conflict Iraq

Painting an accurate picture of the situation on the ground in countries in crisis is vital for the efficiency of humanitarian aid and reconstruction agencies. This study describes a method for standardising and mapping the plethora of open-source information. The test site for the study is post-conflict Iraq. Important information on aid distribution, reconstruction and security in Iraq can be derived from the reports of humanitarian aid agencies and the media, before being formatted, inserted into a database and mapped. The product is a visual, cartographic structure of otherwise random information, showing which organisations are working in the country, which thematic and geographic areas are being prioritized in the field, and which areas most frequently experience security events. This type of mapping not only highlights the overall working environment within different parts of the country, but it may also serve as a decision-making tool for donors and humanitarian aid agencies planning to deploy personnel.