Sustainable Development and Strategic Thinking

From an economic point of view, the industrial economy is efficient to overcome situations of a scarcity of goods. From a technological point of view, the resource efficiency of the manufacturing processes of the industrial economy has been permanently improved during the last 200 years. In addition, cleaner processes have been developed. However, from an ecologic point of view, an increasing world population with increasing consumption has produced a ＂global footprint＂ which approaches the carrying capacity of the planet. A circular economy and its high-value spin-offs-a lake economy and a performance or functional service economy-can fulfil customers＇ needs with considerably less resource consumption, less environmental impairment in production and considerably less end-of-life product waste, especially in situations of affluence, when a considerable stock of physical goods and infrastructures exists. Also, in situations of a scarcity of natural resources, both energy and materials, often characterised by rapidly rising resource prices, the economic actors of a circular economy have a high competitive advantage over the actors of the industrial economy, due to much lower procurement costs for materials and energy. From a social point of view, a circular economy increases the number of skilled jobs in regional enterprises. However, the shift from a linear manufacturing economy to a circular or service economy means a change in economic thinking from flow （throughput） management to stock （asset） management： in a manufacturing economy with largely unsaturated markets, total wealth increases through accumulation as resource throughput （flow） is transformed into a higher stock of goods of better quality （but in a manufacturing economy with largely saturated markets, wealth represented by the stock of goods will no longer increase）; in a circular or service economy, total wealth increases through a smart management of existing physical assets （stock） that are adapted to changes in both technology and customer demand. This second approach not only applies to physical capital but equally to social capital, such as health and education and green GDP. To measure the social wealth of a population, it is not the amount of money spent on schools and hospitals that matters, butif this expenditure has led to a better education of the students, and a better health of the people.     

环境资讯

广东饮用水源地水质达标率年内提高到95％，我国将大力推进物种安全监督管理，第11个“世界荒漠化和干旱日”，2010年我国ODS生产和消费量可为零，生态破坏一年吞食我国GDP的15％，……     

Assessment of China's economic loss resulting from the degradation of agricultural land in the end of 20th century

Land degradation is a consequence stemming from both natural processes and social economic activities. On the bases of analyzing general situation of agricultural land degradation in China, the monetary estimating methods such as market value method and shadow engineering method were used to quantitatively assess the economic loss resulting from land deterioration. Results showed that the economic loss in 1999 was 326.8l billion RMB Yuan, which accounted for 4.1% of GDP in the same year of China. If taking five items namely farmland conversion, soil erosion, salinization, decline in reservoir functions, and siltation in waterways and, comparing with that in 1992, the percentage of economic loss to GDP has increased by 1.5 in the only 7 years.     

环境与自然资源评价方法的比较及启示

鉴于传统GDP在衡量一国的福利水平时存在着许多谬误,世界各国纷纷尝试编制绿色GDP以衡量本国的福利水平.目前我国也正努力从事这方面的工作.本文尝试分析世界各主要编制体系下的鳊制方式,旨在发现我国绿色GDP编制的缺失及可改进的空间.结果显示:我国在评价环境与自然资源时所采取的方法都不能真实反映其价值,且编制范围不周全,可从别国采用的资源评价方法中获得启示并采取一定的改进办法.     

催促追求理想的脚步

国家环保总局和国家统计局合作开展的绿色GDP核算研究项目，历经风雨，终见彩虹了。潘岳副局长在《中国绿色国民经济核算研究》成果发布会上的讲话中感触颇多：环境退化成本占GDP的3．05％意味着什么？虚拟治理成本占GDP的1．8％又意味着什么？面对3．05％和1．8％，我们该做些什么？这些问题值得大家共同思考!     

云南省经济增长与能源消耗的计量模型研究

根据云南省1985~2003年能源消耗的统计数据以及人均GDP统计数据,分析人均GDP与能源消耗之间的相关关系,选取相关性较好的能耗指标(煤炭消耗量、石油消耗量、天然气消耗量、电力消耗量)建立两者之间的计量模型。并在此基础上分析能源消耗与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现,云南省经济增长与能源消耗呈类似于EKC的倒U型曲线,且曲线尚未到达转折点,能源消耗量随着经济增长将持续增长。有必要采取有利措施倡导“循环经济”、“绿色GDP”等使曲线走势向良性方向发展。     

经济增长方式与环境保护的战略转变

粗放型增长模式严峻挑战中国科学发展 我国人均淡水资源量仅为世界人均占有量的25％；人均耕地不到世界平均水平的40％；人均森林面积仅为世界人均占有量的20％；人均占有林木蓄积量仅为世界平均水平（83立方米）的12％；45种主要矿产资源人均占有量不到世界平均水平的50％，我国能源资源人均拥有量远低于世界平均水平，煤炭、石油、天然气人均剩余可采储量分别只有世界平均水平的58．6％、7．69％和7．05％。尽管早在“九五”计划中就明确提出要使经济增长方式由粗放型向集约型转变，但目前我国仍然表现出明显的粗放型经济增长方式特征。片面追求GDP增长和粗放型经济增长方式给中国的资源、环境带来的巨大压力和严重后果。     

环保在绿色GDP中的涵义功能及意义

阐述环保在绿色GDP的涵义、功能及实现绿色GDP的意义。     

尽快建立滞能专项基金 促进循环经济发展

当前，国家已将节约资源作为基本国策，并提出到2010年万元GDP能耗降低20％的目标。天津市结合实际情况提出到2010年单位地区GDP能耗下降15％以上的目标。在目前节能激励政策力度严重不足的情况下，天津市实现这一目标的确有很大难度，迫切需要建立已经呼吁多年的节能专项基金。     

经济增长方式与环境保护的战略转变

粗放型增长模式严峻挑战中国科学发展 我国人均淡水资源量仅为世界人均占有量的25%;人均耕地不到世界平均水平的40%;人均森林面积仅为世界人均占有量的20%;人均占有林木蓄积量仅为世界平均水平(83立方米)的12%;45种主要矿产资源人均占有量不到世界平均水平的50%,我国能源资源人均拥有量远低于世界平均水平,煤炭、石油、天然气人均剩余可采储量分别只有世界平均水平的58.6%、7.69%和7.05%.