上海市生态福利绩效评价研究

生态福利绩效是指自然消耗转化为福利水平的效率。随着全球生态约束时代的到来,自然资本变得绝对稀缺,如何在生态极限内提高人类的福利水平是可持续发展的终极目标。本文基于DEA方法,从投入产出角度构建了城市生态福利绩效评价指标体系,并结合主成分分析法(PCA),运用改进的基于非径向非角度的超效率DEA模型(Super-SBM模型)对上海市2006—2014年的生态福利绩效水平进行综合测评,并与2014年我国35个主要城市(省级和副省级城市)进行横向对比研究。结果表明:12006—2014年期间,上海的总体生态福利绩效水平不高,并未处于DEA有效的前沿面,其中仅3个年份为DEA有效,其余6个年份均为DEA无效,DEA有效年份数占样本总数的33.33%,但从整个发展态势来看,近几年来有逐步改善和提高的趋势。22014年,我国35个主要城市的生态福利绩效整体水平不高,深圳、海口排名前两位,而上海仅排名第30位,资源环境消耗过高是生态福利绩效值偏低的主要原因。从投入冗余情况来看,上海市在水资源和土地两方面消耗过高,存在过度冗余,环境污染排放也具有较大的优化空间,资源环境问题成为制约上海建设生态宜居城市的主要瓶颈。3PCA-DEA组合模型比DEA模型下所测算出来的绩效值更精确,且考虑松弛变量的非径向Super-SBM模型比基于径向的DEA模型精确度更高,对于相关领域的资源环境绩效或生态效率评价具有较好的适用性和借鉴价值。最后根据实证分析结果可知,上海应淘汰过剩产能并转变生产和生活消费方式、发展绿色低碳的共享经济,同时构建紧凑型城市,实现城市"精明增长"。     

Study on the efficiency and regional disparity of green technology innovation in China’s industrial companies

This paper first constructed a system to evaluate the innovation efficiency of industrial companies within Mainland China. Then, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to these indicators for dimensionality reduction, so as to figure out the technology innovation efficiency in these two phases, respectively. Finally, the overall efficiency of industrial companies in different regions was estimated and factorized via data envelopment analysis (DEA). The results showed that: (1) the efficiency of green technology innovation of industrial companies in China was relatively low as a whole, which mainly resulted from pure technical efficiency (PTE). Further, this huge gap continues to expand in these regions. And both PTE and scale efficiency (SE) in central and western regions leave much to be expected. (2) In the first phase of green technology development, when environmental factors were concerned, the efficiency was much lower than that without environmental considerations. Besides, the central and western regions were facing increasingly severe environmental problems, and there was a wide disparity in technology development efficiency among eastern, central, and western regions. (3) In the second phase of green technology commercialization, there were still more rooms for improvement in raising the efficiency of green technology innovation, and the efficiency in eastern, central, and western regions was ranked from highest to lowest. (4) Liaoning, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Yunnan, and Qinghai should focus on improving their technology; Jilin, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Guangxi should make their efforts to reduce resource redundancy; whereas Ningxia and Gansu should try to solve the above two issues.