秭归县移民环境容量的变化对血吸虫病传播的影响

为探讨移民环境容量改变对血吸虫病传播的影响，避免国外兴修大型水利工程赞成血吸虫病疫区扩大的悲剧在我国重演，采用历史资料分析，现场调查和类比实验的方法进行研究。结果表明三峡库区秭归县社会经济变动对血吸虫病传播的影响主要表现为使其移民环境容量变小，导致森林植被破坏增大，产沙量增加，加之建坝后水流流速减慢，挟沙能力降低，产生泥沙淤积，形成荒芜的洲滩或江滩，造成钉螺孳生的环境，一旦输入钉螺和传染源，将可能造成血吸虫病的流行。提出了如下预防对策：（1）在秭归县及库区湖北段不应强调粮食自给，必须纠正忽视生态效益，片面追求以生产粮食为主的作法，应发挥山区，丘陵地区的林牧副及土特产优势，大力发展柑橘和其它木本特产经济作物，进行多种经营积累资金，以补充粮食不足。（2）严格执行《水土保护法》，《防洪法》等法规，同时建立相应的机构，监督法规的严格执行。（3)寺加植被覆盖度，保持水土。在库区应无条件地封山育林，退耕还林，植树造林，特别注意发展水保林，防护林，水源涵养林，风景林，增加地面覆盖度。（4）修建水平梯田，坡式梯田，拦水堰等坡面工程降低地表径流冲刷力，将会有效地减少水土流失。

TRANSMISSION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS UNDER THE CHANGE IN CAPACITY OF IMMIGRANT SURROUNDING OF ZHIGUI COUNTY

The Three Gorge Project will bring comprehensive benefits in preventing and controlling flood, generating electricity, and shipping etc. After the completion of the Project, 19counties and cities will become submerged under the devised sluice water level of 175 m.The Zhigui county which is located at the head of the dam will be subject to the most serious impact of the water storage, and the capacity for emigration will be limited. Because of the slow current in the reservoir,it ts hypothesized that new habitats for the snail intermediate hosts may appear, which may result in the increase of changes for the transmission of schistosomiasis. Based on our previous experiences,measures for the prevention of the disease occurrence have been proposed.