不同混接程度分流制雨水系统旱流水量及污染负荷来源研究

对上海市3个典型分流制雨水系统H、G、N的旱流污水水量水质进行了研究.在调查泵站运行情况、服务区域的特点的基础上,得出3个系统单位面积的截流水量分别为3 610、1 550和2 970 m3~/(km~2·d);生活污水混入比例分别为25%、85%、71%;H系统以地下水渗入为主,旱流污染程度最轻,G、N系统都以生活污水混入为主,旱流污染较为严重.对旱流污水可能的混接来源--灰水、黑水、地下水的水质特征进行了初步探索,提出以LAS/NH_4~+-N、NH_4~+-N/K、Mg/K 3个参数作为灰水、黑水和地下水的示踪水质参数,灰水的特点为LAS/NH_4~+-N>0.2、NH_4~+-N/K<1,包含黑水的生活污水的特点为LAS/NH_4~+-N<0.2、NH_4~+-N/K>1.在此基础上初步探讨了流程图法和CMBM法在雨水系统旱流溯源中的应用,得到的结果与水量水质综合分析的结果基本相符.研究结论和方法可为国内类似分流制雨水系统旱流来源的分析诊断以及后续改造工程提供指导.

Identifying Dry-weather Flow and Pollution Load Sources of Separate Storm Sewer Systems with Different Degrees of Illicit Discharge

Dry-weather flow quantity and quality of three representative separate storm sewer systems in Shanghai-H, G, N were studied. Based on survey of operating status of the pumping stations as well as characteristics of the drainage systems, it was obtained that the interception sewage volumes per unit area in the three systems were 3 610 m3/(km~2·d), 1550 m~3/(km~2·d), 2970 m~3/(km~2·d) respectively; the sanitary wastewater included accounted for 25%, 85% and 71% respectively; the interception volume of H was mainly composed of infiltrated underground water, so the dry-weather flow pollution was slighter, and the interception volumes of G, N were both mainly composed of sanitary wastewater, so the dry-weather which were flow pollution was relatively serious. The water characteristics of potential illicit discharge sources of dry-weather which were flow-grey water, black water and underground water were preliminarily explored, so that treating three parameters-LAS/NH_4~+-N, NH_4~+-N/K, Mg/K as tracer parameters of grey water, black water and underground water was put forward. Moreover, the water characteristics of grey water and sanitary wastewater including black water were summarized: the feature of grey water was LAS/NH_4~+-N>0.2, NH_4~+-N/K<1,and sanitary wastewater was LAS/NH_4~+-N<0.2, NH_4~+-N/K>1. Based on the above, the applications of flow chart method and CMBM method in dry-weather flow detection of monitored storm systems were preliminarily discussed, and the results were basically same as that obtained in flow quantity and quality comprehensive analysis. The research results and methods can provide guidance for analysis and diagnosis of dry-weather flow sources and subsequent reconstruction projects in similar separate storm sewer systems at home.