长期施肥对小麦—玉米轮作红壤抗蚀性的影响

为探讨不同施肥处理对红壤旱地土壤理化性状和抗蚀性影响，以长期定位施肥试验小区为研究对象，研究了CK（荒草地）、T1（不施肥）、T2（施有机肥）、T3（施氮磷钾肥）和T4（氮磷钾肥与秸秆配施）5种处理的土壤理化性状及土壤抗蚀性。结果表明：（1）荒草地开垦后，土壤容重降低，土壤孔隙度和含水量升高；相较于不施肥，施肥提高土壤有机质含量、改善土壤物理性质作用更为明显;（2）衡量不同施肥处理土壤抗蚀性的2个最佳指标为>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量和结构破坏率;（3）使用主成分分析综合指数表示不同处理土壤抗蚀性依次为：T2>CK>T3>T4>T1，荒草地开垦后，耕种会降低土壤抗蚀性，但施肥能略微提升土壤抗蚀性，而施有机肥提升最为明显。研究结果可为区域内农业生态系统持续发展及农田水土保持工作提供依据。

Effects of Long-Term Fertilization on Soil Anti-Erodibility Under Wheat-Maize Rotation System in Mid-Subtropical,China

To explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil physical properties and soil anti-erodibility under red upland soil, long-term location fertilization test plots as the research object, the soil physical and chemical properties were measured, and selected of 10 indicators such as bulk density, water content, content of soil organic matters, mean weight diameter of water stable aggregate, water stable aggregate (bigger than 0.25 mm), dispersion rate, agglomeration degree, structural failure rate, erodibility index and corrosion resistance index, used principal component analysis to study the soil anti-erodibility of five treatments. Five treatments were included as follows: CK (weeds land), T1 (unfertilized control), T2 (farmyard manure), T3 (NPK fertilizer) and T4 (NPK fertilizer and wheat straw). The results were as follows: 1) After reclamation, the soil bulk density decreased evidently, the soil porosity and water content increased; compared with unfertilized control, the role of fertilization in increasing soil organic matter content and improving soil physical properties was more pronounced. 2) The two major indexes affecting soil anti-erodibility were water stable aggregate (bigger than 0.25 mm) and structural failure rate. 3) The principal component analysis composite indexes showed that the order of soil anti-erodibility in different treatments was: T2>CK>T3> T4>T1. After reclaiming weeds land, the cultivation will decrease the soil anti-erodibility, but the fertilization can obviously increase soil anti-erodibility, and the farmyard manure was most obvious. The research results can provide evidence for the sustainable development of agro-ecosystems in the region and soil and water conservation research.