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Learned recognition of novel predator odour by convict cichlid embryos
Authors:Andrew B. Nelson  Shireen D. Alemadi  Brian D. Wisenden
Affiliation:1. Biosciences Department, Minnesota State University Moorhead, 1104 7th Avenue South, Moorhead, MN, 56563, USA
Abstract:
Predation exerts tremendous selection pressure on all organisms. In this study, we exposed embryos of convict cichlids (Amatitlania siquia) twice daily to one of the following: (1) chemical alarm cues of damaged conspecifics + odour of a novel predator (Polypterus endlicheri), (2) chemical alarm cues of damaged conspecifics + water or (3) blank water. No chemical cues were presented after the eggs hatched. When the larvae were 9 days old (mean total length?=?5.7 mm), they were exposed to either predator odour or water. Those larvae that had been conditioned as embryos on alarm cues + predator odour showed a significant reduction in activity (i.e. anti-predator behavioural response) to predator odour relative to the other treatments. This is the first demonstration of acquired predator recognition by fish embryos.
Keywords:
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