Formation pathways of brominated products from benzophenone-4 chlorination in the presence of bromide ions |
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Authors: | Ming Xiao Dongbin Wei Liping Li Qi Liu Huimin Zhao Yuguo Du |
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Affiliation: | Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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Abstract: | The brominated products, formed in chlorination treatment of benzophenone-4 in the presence of bromide ions, were identified, and the formation pathways were proposed. Under disinfection conditions, benzophenone-4 would undertake electrophilic substitution generating mono-or di-halogenated products, which would be oxidized to esters and further hydrolyzed to phenol derivatives. The generated catechol intermediate would be transformed into furan-like heterocyclic product. The product species were pH-dependent, while benzophenone-4 elimination was chlorine dose-dependent. When the chlorination treatment was performed on ambient water spiked with benzophenone-4 and bromide ions, most of brominated byproducts could be detected, and the acute toxicity significantly increased as well. |
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Keywords: | UV-filters Benzophenone Chlorination Brominated products Acute toxicity |
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