全氟化合物的生物富集效应研究进展

研究污染物的生物富集效应,对于预测污染物在生物体内的含量、建立环境标准以及评估污染物的生态风险具有重要的意义。结合近年来国内外报道的有关全氟化合物（PFCs）的生物浓缩因子（BCF）、生物富集因子（BAF）、生物放大因子（BMF）和营养级放大因子（TMF）等参数,对PFCs的生物富集效应及其影响因素进行了综述。研究结果表明,氟代碳原子数高于7的PFCs一般在生物体或食物链（网）上具有生物富集效应,而氟代碳原子数低于7的PFCs的生物富集效应较低。PFCs的理化性质（碳链长度、碳链末端基团类型和是否含有支链等）、生物的种类及其生理生化参数（体长、体重和性别等）和环境条件（生态系统的组成、水温和污染物含量等）等都影响PFCs在生物体内或食物链（网）上的富集。综观当前研究成果,PFCs在食物链（网）上生物放大效应研究主要集中于极地地区海洋食物网,应加强其他区域（特别是典型污染区域）、各种类型食物网（如淡水食物网和陆生食物网）上PFCs的生物富集效应及其影响因素研究,为全面评估PFCs的生态风险提供基础数据。

Recent research advances on the bioaccumulation potentials of perfluorinated compounds

The bioaccumulation potentials of perfluorinated compounds（PFCs）are important for predicting chemical residues in organisms,developing environmental quality criteria and standards for protection of human health,and assessing the ecological risks of these chemicals.This review summarized the recent data on bioconcentration factors（BCFs）,bioaccumulation factors（BAFs）, biomagnification factors（BMFs）,and trophic magnification fators（TMFs）of PFCs,and assessed the bioaccumulation potentials and the food web biomagnification powers of PFCs.The results showed that PFCs with more than seven fluorinated carbons had high bioaccumulation potentials in biota and food web,while PFCs with seven fluorinated carbons or less were not considered bioaccumulative.The physiochemical properties（e.g.,the length of fluorinated carbon chain,the functional groups in the end of fluorinated carbon chain,and whether have branched isomers）of PFCs,species and their biological parameters（e.g.,sex,body length,and body weight）,and environmental factors（e.g.,the kind of ecosystems,water temperature,and the PFCs levels in the environment）would influence the bioaccumulation potentials of PFCs.To date,bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of PFCs is focused on the Arctic marine ecosystems,study on the bioaccumulation of PFCs in other areas especially in the typical polluted areas,and in the freshwater and terrestrial food webs should be performed,to assess the ecological risks of these chemicals.