针对水功能区划水质目标的可用水资源量联合评估方法

受人类活动和气候变化的影响,我国水资源的外部环境与内部条件发生了很大变化。从水资源可持续利用的评价、规划与管理的角度,急需搞清楚一条河流在一定的“生产、生活用水”条件下,为满足水功能区划水质目标和一定河道生态需水要求,究竟有多少可用和能够调配的水资源量,以及满足水功能区划目标所需削减的污染负荷。为此,论文综合考虑水量与水质的联合评价问题,提出“可用水资源量”的概念,并结合水功能区划目标,提出单元系统水量水质模型和多河段系统的可用水资源量评估方法。将该方法应用到滦河流域,经模型计算分析,1998年滦河未超标河段中在满足水功能区划目标下可新增取水5.1×10⁸m³,水资源最大利用率为43%(现状为30%)。如果改变用水方式,重新配置水资源后水资源最大利用率可达到54%。

An Integrated Assessment Method of Water Quality & Quantity Applied to Evaluation of Available Water Resources

Affected by human activity and climate change,substantial changes have taken place in both external environment and internal conditions in China's water resources.In the context of assessment,planning and management of sustainable utilization of water resources,the urgent need is to clarify how much available and regulatory water resources does a river have,under certain "production and domestic water consumptions" conditions,to satlisfy water quality objective for water functional regionalization and a certain river channel eco-water requirement so as to meet the demand of reducing pollution load for realizing water functional regionalization objective.To this end,this paper addresses the concept of the availabe useable water resources related to both water quality and quantity.An integrated assessment model and method of water quality and quantity,applied to single river section and multiple sections in a river system and basin,are developed.The case study of Luanhe river basin in North China is given as a preliminary explanation of this methodology.It is shown that under the present water use situation,new water use can lead to an increase of 510 million m3 when water quality objective of the river system is satisfied,where the maximum water availability is 43% and the present rate of the Luanhe River is only 30%.However,if the present water use pattern is replaced by reasonable water allocation,the maximum capacity of the available water can be increased to 54%.