烟草废水菌群处理及主要污染物降解过程解析

烟草制品加工过程中会产生大量的废水,且含有尼古丁等多种复杂的有毒难降解污染物,如不合理处置,将对环境造成严重的污染并危害人类健康,因而有效处理该类废水是烟草行业中一个亟待解决的技术难题.利用梯度筛选驯化法从环境中获得3组高效处理烟草加工废水的菌群,其中高效菌群C对化学需氧量(COD)的去除率达83.1%,且其他各项指标如色度、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)及磷酸盐(PO_4~(3-)-P)等均明显降低.微生物群落结构分析结果显示,菌群的香农-威纳指数(Shannon-Wiener Index)、辛普森多样性指数(Simpson Index)和菌群丰富度指数(ACE)分别为3.645、0.978、106,表明菌群多样性高,物种构成复杂,分布均匀.菌群C中变形菌门占有最大比例为48.7%,其次为放线菌门,比例为11.5%,并在菌群中检测出多种具有降解杂环芳香化合物、芳烃及酚类等物质的菌种.污染物检测结果证明,菌群处理后污染物整体去除率近90%,其中尼古丁被完全降解,去除率为100%.本研究获得的菌群不仅可以针对性的降解主要污染物尼古丁,且能够全面去除其他污染物,在烟草废水处理领域具有广阔的应用前景.

Biotreatment of tobacco wastewater and the degradation of main pollutants

A large amount of wastewater is produced in tobacco processing industry, which contains many complex and toxic substances such as nicotine. If not properly handled, the wastewater would be harmful both to the environment and human beings. Thus, how to treat the wastewater effectively is an important issue. Three microbiota were obtained from environment using gradient screening domestication method to treat wastewater. All of the microbiota could treat the wastewater effectively. Among them, microbiota C could remove 83.1% of the COD and also significantly decrease other parameters, such as chroma, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate. Analysis of microbial community structure show that Shannon-Wiener Index, Simpson Index and ACE were 3.645, 0.978 and 106 respectively. These results indicated that microbiota C contained high and complex microbial composition. Proteobacteria made up the largest population (48.7%) in microbiota C followed by Actinobacteria (11.5%). Besides, many bacteria capable of degrading heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, aromatic hydrocarbon and phenol were detected in microbiota C. Around 90% of pollutants were removed from wastewater after treatment and nicotine was totally degraded. In conclusion, microbiota C could not only degrade the main pollutant (nicotine) in wastewater, but also remove other pollutants effectively, making it highly applicable in tobacco wastewater treatment area.