基于MCR模型的农村居民点布局适宜性分区及优化模式研究——以南京市六合区金牛湖街道为例

农村居民点布局适宜性分区是实现布局优化的基础，也是改善农村生产生活条件、实现耕地占补平衡、统筹城乡发展的重要途径。以南京市六合区金牛湖街道为例，利用GIS技术分析了研究区农村居民点分布现状，采用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）实现了农村居民点布局适宜性分区，从而为农村居民点整理项目实施和村镇建设规划提供了科学依据。研究结果表明：（1）金牛湖街道农村居民点现状在整体上存在“布局松散、面积零碎”的问题；各村（社区）之间地域差异明显、分布不均衡；在空间布局上呈现出沿“低坡度、低高程、交通便利”地带分布的显著特征；（2）按农村居民点布局适宜性程度，可将金牛湖街道划分为5种适宜性分区。其中，高度适宜区占街道总面积的165%，总体上能满足农村居民点用地需求；（3）基于农村居民点现状分析及适宜性分区结果，将各村（社区）划分为“就地城镇化”、“内部整改”、“逐步迁村并点”3种优化模式，并从宏观层面上提出优化路径

RESEARCH ON SUITABILITY SUBAREAS OF RURAL RESIDENTIAL DISTRIBUTION BASED ON MCR MODEL AND OPTIMIZATION MODEL#br# -A CASE STUDY OF JINNIUHU STREET IN NANJING,LUHE DISTRICT

As an important component of the land used for urban and rural construction projects, rural residential area should be the material carrier to realize rural urbanization, modernization and industrialization, under the new socialist countryside construction. Currently, the systematic planning is lack in rural residential area of our country. The chaos land use structure and loose spatial distribution are seen universally in rural residential. While, the disordered patterns cause a lot of waste of land resources inner countryside and extremely unreasonable layout in the construction land. Therefore, the layout optimization in rural residential area is particularly important in this situation. The suitability subareas of rural residential distribution are the basis for optimizing the space layout, and also be the important way to improve production and living conditions in rural areas, keep the balance of arable land and coordinate rural and urban development. This paper took Jinniuhu Street as an example, and used GIS technology to analyze the distribution status of rural residential, while the MCR model was applied in rural residential suitability zoning. Accordingly, it could provide scientific guidance for the implementation of rural residential land consolidation project and the villages and towns planning. The result showed as follows.（1）The proportion of rural residential areas in Jinniuhu Street was as high as 11%. Meanwhile, there were some problems existed in the present situation, such as dispersive layout and fragmentary patches on the whole. And each administrative unit differed observably in the rural residential distribution, which could perform in the compactness in spatial layout and consolidation potential of rural residential land. From the space layout, characteristics that rural residential distributed along the areas with low slope, low altitude and convenient transpirations were showed remarkably. In detail, the number and area percentage of rural residential patch whose slope were blow 2°had reached 75%. Meanwhile, the area percentage of rural residential patch exceeded 60%, and more than 50% of the rural residential was in the range of 500m in the distance transport corridors.（2）The MCR model was applied successfully in this paper, and achieved good results. 183 rural residential were selected as sources from 1295 individuals of all. According to the suitability degree of rural residential distribution, Jinniuhu Street could be divided into five suitability areas including highly suitable areas, suitable areas, general suitable areas, unsuitable areas and extremely unsuitable areas. Among them, the highly suitable areas accounted for 15.57% of the total area of the street, which was higher than the status area proportion. So the requirements of layout planning could be met in general.（3）According to the analysis of rural residential distribution status and results of suitability area zoning, the villages (communities) were divided into optimization model, including in situ urbanization, internal rectification and gradual relocation and annexation. So then, optimal paths from macro level were proposed in this paper