生态系统服务内涵、价值评估与GIS表达

生态系统服务价值评估是当前生态经济学领域的研究热点,为解决生态系统之于人类的重要性提供了量化的参考,也是生态补偿机制建立的重要依据.近5年国际上SCI论文发表数量以年均40%速度增长,我国研究起步于上世纪90年代末,十年来发展迅速,从对国外研究的简单模仿逐渐转向对评估模型参数的修正及对技术方法的适应性集成与发展.生态系统服务的内涵研究不断推进,在阐释“自然组分-生态过程-生态功能-生态服务.获得利益”关系上呈现多种观点,相应地提出了不同的价值评估指标体系;生态系统服务价值评估以瞬时静态为主,动态评估略显不足;研究对象从大尺度和单一生态系统逐渐转向中尺度区域,评估结果表现形式从单一数值化向基于GIS的空间表达发展.在回顾全球范围生态系统服务评估研究成果的基础上,从研究区域分布与学科特点、内涵及分类、评估方法和GIS技术应用等四大方面进行归纳分析,并从生态系统管理和决策支持需求的角度,指出生态系统评估研究已取得显著进展,但有关生态系统服务的内涵与分类、生态系统服务价值的动态评估及GIS技术的应用研究仍待深入.

Reviews on ecosystem services: Connotation, valuation and GIS-based mapping.

Ecosystem services valuation has become one of the hotspots in the field of ecological economics, and provides quantita-tive evidence concerning the importance of the ecosystem for human-beings and also a scientific basis for the establishment of eco-logical compensation mechanisms. Over the past 5 years, SCI publications have increased at an average speed of 40% per year. In China, studies on ecosystem services valuation have advanced well since the late 1990s, and have shifted from simply the imitation of overseas research to the modification of valuation model parameters and the integration of valuation methods. Several viewpoints have been advanced to interpret the relationship among "natural components-ecological processes-ecological functions-ecological services-benefits" and, as a result, various valuation index systems have been developed. To date, valuation work was more instanta-neous and static rather than dynamic. The areas studied cover large-scale and/or single ecosystems to regional ecosystems, and GIS-based valuation and mapping of ecosystem services are expected to direct future research as well as leading to practical applica-tion. This paper reviewed the current status and advances in ecosystem services valuation based on the most recent publications in this field. Distribution of study sites and the interdisciplinary characteristics, definition and classification of ecosystem services, the valuation methods and GIS-based mapping techniques were discussed. However, to meet the requirements of regional ecosystem management and decision making, further studies on the connotation and classification of ecosystem services, dynamic valuation, and the application of GIS-based techniques are needed.