青藏铁路建设中高寒缺氧及保障问题的研讨

“高寒缺氧”是青藏铁路建设面临的主要难题之一,青藏铁路沿线自然条件恶劣、海拔高、气压低,含氧量低,缺氧严重会导致急性高原病严重影响人体健康和劳动能力,同时含氧量低会造成机械功率降低。为保障高原施工人员和铁路建设者的健康和安全,降低机械设备的功率损耗,在青藏铁路的设计和建设中,必须采取高原劳动卫生和劳动保护措施、选用可靠度高、维修量少的运营设备,建立起适合高原特点的管理体制、机构及合理的用工制度等技术保障措施,提供坚强有力的医疗卫生保障,从而提高劳动效率,降低劳动强度、缩短工期,保护员工的安全与健康。

Discussion on Severely Cold and Oxygen Deficiency Problems and Their Countermeasures in Qing-Zang Railway Construction

Severely cold and oxygen deficiency were main difficult problems need to be solved in Qing-Zang railway construction. The climate on plateau along the railway is severe with high altitude, low atmospheric pressure and low oxygen content, and may cause altitude sickness affecting people's health and working ability. Further more, low oxygen content would decrease mechanical efficiency. In order to safeguard workers' health and decrease mechanical power loss, labor health and protection measures and technical measures, such as choosing high reliability and less maintenance equipment, establishing appropriate management system and organization and labor system, must be adopted. Effective medical care must be provided. Efficient occupational safety and health measures must be taken to elevate labor efficiency, reduce labor intensity, and shorten construction duration.