淮南矿区道路环境大气颗粒物重金属污染特征及来源解析

为了解煤矿开采区道路环境中大气颗粒物重金属元素的污染特征及来源,于2016年12月(采暖期)和2017年5月(非采暖期)分别采集了淮南潘集矿区交通主干线周围大气颗粒物样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)测定了As、Cd、Hg、Mn、Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、V等9种重金属元素以及参比元素Al的含量,并利用富集因子法和因子分析法解析了其来源。结果表明:(1)Zn、Mn、Pb含量较高,占所测重金属元素的82%(质量分数)以上;采暖期总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)、PM10和PM2.5中重金属含量总体上均高于非采暖期。(2)富集程度较高的元素有Pb、Cd、Hg,随着颗粒物粒径减小,各重金属元素的富集因子呈现增大趋势。(3)通过因子分析法得出,潘集矿区道路环境中重金属主要来源为交通排放、煤炭燃烧和扬尘等。

Characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metals in atmospheric particles at the roadside of Huainan mining area

In order to understand the characteristics and source of heavy metals in atmospheric particles in traffic environment of mining area,the samples were collected in December 2016(heating period)and May 2017(nonheating period)respectively near the main traffic road in Panji mining area of Huainan.The contents of nine heavy metals(As,Cd,Hg,Mn,Pb,Cu,Zn,Ni,V)and reference element(Al)were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and the enrichment factor method and factor analysis method were used to analyze the source.The results showed as follows:(1)the content of Zn,Mn and Pb was relatively high,accounting for more than 82%(mass fraction)of the total measured heavy metal elements.In generally,the content of heavy metals in total suspended particulate(TSP),PM10 and PM2.5 during heating period was higher than that in non-heating period.(2)Pb,Cd and Hg were highly enriched,and the enrichment degree of nine heavy metals tended to increase with the decrease of particle size.(3)It was found that the heavy metals mainly came from traffic emissions,coal combustion and fugitive dust by using factor analysis method.