可持续发展视角下的中国和印度能源发展对比研究

能源转型是全球落实联合国2030可持续发展目标过程中的重要议题,在发展中国家尤为突出。中国和印度作为世界上最大的两个发展中国家,面临着相似的能源转型挑战。本文利用能源发展指数(Energy Development Index,EDI)方法,从能源可获得性与可负担性两个维度衡量比较了中印能源发展利用情况。研究结果表明,印度能源发展在总体上落后于中国,其主要差距表现在能源价格与能源结构两方面。其中,印度能源价格呈增长态势,2010-2014年年均增速达9.6%;而中国能源平均价格整体呈下降趋稳态势(除煤气价格外)。同时,印度能源消费结构中的传统生物质能源占比较高,是中国传统生物质能源占比的6.6倍(2017年)。研究指出,从传统能源向可再生能源的转变是中印两国提升能源可持续供给能力和现代能源服务体系的重要途径,两国可以通过绿色技术合作共同解决能源可持续转型问题,携手实现全球低碳可持续发展目标。

A comparative study of energy development between China and India in the context of sustainable development

Energy transformation is one of the important issues in the global implementation of the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, especially in developing countries.As the two largest developing countries in the world, China and India are facing with similar challenges in energy transformation.This paper compares the energy development and utilization in China and India through the energy development index( EDI) method, which can provide a reference for developing countries to reduce energy poverty and realize energy transformation.The two dimensions are estimated, including energy availability and energy affordability.The results show that India’s energy development lags behind China in general, and the main gap lies in energy price and energy structure.Among them, India’s energy price has increased in 2010-2014 with an annual growth rate of 9.6%, while China’ s average energy price has decreased to a relatively stable level(Except the price of coal gas).In addition, traditional biomass energy accounts for a relatively high proportion in India’s energy consumption structure in 2017,which is 6.6 times of the same indicator in China in the same year.It is found that the transformation from traditional energy to renewable energy is an important way to improve the sustainable energy supply capacity and modern energy service system both in China and India.At the same time, China and India can promote energy transformation through green technology cooperation and work together to achieve the global low-carbon sustainable development goal.