新疆开都-孔雀河流域天然植被生态需水量研究

本研究以新疆开都-孔雀河流域为研究区,针对流域不同保护目标,采用定额法、阿克苏水平衡站公式和阿维里扬诺夫公式三种方法,分别估算了生态红线区和生态敏感区的生态需水量。研究结果表明开都-孔雀河流域生态红线区平均需水量为13.82×10^8m^3,生态敏感区平均生态需水量为2.06×10^8m^3,且潜水蒸发法中的阿克苏水平衡站公式的计算值与平均值最为接近。由于干旱区降水量稀少,天然植被生长完全依赖地下水,一般采用潜水蒸发法间接计算植被的生态需水量,在植被需水定额不好确定的情况下,更是首选潜水蒸发法进行生态需水量的估算。研究成果可以为孔雀河生态输水工程和塔里木河下游生态输水工程的实施提供科学依据。

Study on ecological water demand of natural vegetation in Kaidu-Konqi River Basin in Xinjiang

This study took the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin in Xinjiang as the research area.According to different protection objectives of the basin, the ecological water demand in the red line area and the sensitive area were estimated by using three methods: quota method, Aksu water balance station formula and Averyanov formula.The results show that the average water demand in the ecological red line area of the Kaidu-Konqi River Basin is 13.82×10^8 m^3, and the average water demand in the ecologically sensitive area is 2.06 × 10^8 m^3, and the calculated value of Aksu water balance station formula in phreatic evaporation methods is the closest to the average value.Due to the scarcity of precipitation in arid areas, the growth of natural vegetation is completely dependent on groundwater, and the indirect calculation of ecological water demand of vegetation is generally conducted by phreatic evaporation method.When the water demand quota of vegetation is not well determined,phreatic evaporation method is preferred for the estimation of ecological water demand.The research results can provide scientific basis for the implementation of the ecological water transmission project of Konqi River and the downstream ecological water transmission project of Tarim River.