Potential for Using Native Plant Species in Stormwater Wetlands |
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Authors: | CRISTINA M BONILLA-WARFORD JOY B ZEDLER |
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Institution: | (1) Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, US;(2) Department of Botany and University of Wisconsin Arboretum, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA, US |
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Abstract: | Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass) was grown under five hydroperiods (wet–dry cycles) to determine its potential for use in stormwater wetlands,
particularly as an alternative to the highly invasive Phalaris arundinacea (an exotic grass). Rhizomes planted in outdoor microcosms grew vigorously in all treatments, namely, weekly flooding in early
summer, weekly flooding in late summer, flooding every three weeks throughout the summer, weekly flooding throughout the summer,
and no flooding. Neither the timing nor frequency of 24-hour floods (10–20 cm deep) affected total stem length (grand mean
1003 ± 188.8 cm per pot, n = 140) or above-ground biomass (46.5 ± 8.3 g per pot, equivalent to ∼360 g/m2). However, by late summer, fewer new tillers were found in unflooded microcosms, indicating that vegetative expansion is
drought-sensitive.
The growth of Spartina plants was further assessed with and without Glyceria striata (a native grass) and Phalaris arundinacea. Glyceria growth was not affected by hydrologic treatment. Glyceria reduced Spartina growth by approximately 11%, suggesting potential as a cover crop that might reduce establishment and growth of Phalaris seedlings. Seeds of Phalaris did not germinate, but branch fragments established where soil was moist from flooding, regardless of the presence of Glyceria. The ability of Spartina to establish vegetatively and grow well under variable water levels leads us to recommend further testing in stormwater wetlands,
along with early planting of Glyceria to reduce weed invasions. |
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Keywords: | : Spartina pectinata Prairie cordgrass Hydroperiod Flood tolerance Inundation Wisconsin |
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