城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移响应机理与调控——以东部沿海地区为例

从时空过程耦合、形态与动力共轭的角度,探讨了中国东部沿海地区城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移的响应机理与调控模式。首先提出农村劳动力转移响应强度的概念,构建了响应强度模型与机理模型,揭示了城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移响应强度的类型及动力机制,分析了劳动力转移响应的地域类型及调控对策。研究表明:东部沿海地区城镇化的快速推进,对农村劳动力转移的带动作用逐渐增强,劳动力转移规模与比重不断增大,其阶段性、区域差异性特征明显;非农产业发展、地区发展差异和期望收入等是影响农村劳动力转移的主要因素;城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移响应的地域形态类型可以划分为大城市核心地域、外围承接地域、边缘发展地域和传统农业及特区地域4种。

Regional Model and Mechanism of Rural Labor Transfer Response to Rapid Urbanization in Eastern Coastal China

Rural labor transfer and sustainable development in rural areas are major issues which developing countries have been deeply concerned about. And more and more scholars have paid attention to these scientific issues. The aim of this paper is to analyze urbanization process and the scale and intensity of rural labor transfer in eastern coastal areas in 1978-2008 from two aspects—spatio-temporal process coupling, and morphology and dynamic conjugated. Firstly, the rural labor transfer response intensity model was constructed, which was used to measure the patterns and space differentiation of rural laborers response. And then, the paper divided the regional types of rural labor transfer response intensity to urbanization in eastern coastal China. The results show that: 1) During the study period, the level of urbanization in eastern coastal areas increased from 19.7% in 1978 to 58.2% in 2008, which is higher than the national average level. With urbanization level developing quickly, rural labor transfer scale and strength were growing constantly, with obvious difference in periodicity and regionality. 2) The development of non-agriculture, regional disparity, and expected income are prime dynamic driving factors of rural labor transfer mechanism model revealed. In other words, the development of non-agricultural industries has a huge role in promoting the regional rural labor transfer; while the average wage for urban workers also has a significant role in promoting the transfer of rural labor. 3) The area of eastern coastal China can be divided into metropolitan-core region, periphery region, marginal region, traditional agricultural-special region. But each type orientates and focuses on different industrial structure and urban system regulation. And finally, we give some policy recommendations for conclusions.