小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策支持系统的研究与开发

利用信息技术研究灾害问题成为研究热点之一 ,但在小城镇防灾减灾方面仍缺少应有的关注和重视。笔者将地理信息系统 (GIS)和决策支持系统 (DSS)集成应用于开发“基于GIS的小城镇基础设施防灾减灾决策支持系统” ,简要介绍了该系统研制目标和原则、系统结构框架及各子系统的功能 ,解决了系统实现过程中的一系列关键技术 :快速、高效构建小城镇基础空间数据库及三维可视化、应急预案及历史灾情库的电子化及各类灾害分析模拟的专业模型等。实践证明 ,基于基础设施、灾害源、防护保卫目标、应急救援力量的可视化与数字化 ,该系统能够实现对其进行科学管理、对各单一灾种的模拟分析以及应急决策支持 ,有效提高小城镇政府的应急指挥决策水平 ,增强其灾害应急反应能力。

Study on GIS-Based Decision Support System for Preventing and Reducing Infrastructure Disasters in Small Towns

Utilizing information technology to study disaster is very popular in recent years; however, the small towns are usually ignored. Now, geographic information system (GIS) integrated with decision support systems (DSS) is applied to develop a GIS-based decision support system for preventing and reducing infrastructure disasters in small towns. The goal, principle, structural framework and functions of the system are briefly introduced. A series of critical technologies are solved, including the construction of spatial database and 3-dimensional visualization, the integration of emergency response protocol and disaster history, and special models for analytical simulation of various disasters. Based on the visualization and digitalization of infrastructure, disaster sources, protection target, and emergency response forces, the GIS-based system is established to manage scientifically the disaster information, analyze individual disaster and provide relevant emergency response decision support, so as to raise effectively the level of decision-making and to enhance the ability of reducing the impact of unexpected disasters in small towns.