垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤多溴联苯醚污染特征及来源解析

为了分析市政垃圾焚烧发电厂PBDEs(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,多溴联苯醚)排放对周边环境的影响,于2012年8—9月,在哈尔滨2座市政垃圾焚烧发电厂周边共采集20个表层(0~10 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤中PBDEs的污染特征及其来源. 结果表明:垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中w(∑₁₂PBDEs)(12种PBDEs的质量分数之和)为5.32~169 ng/g(以干质量计,下同),平均值为62.9 ng/g；PBDEs的主要组分为BDE-209,w(BDE-209)为5.18~169 ng/g,占w(∑₁₂PBDEs)的95%以上；w(∑₁₂PBDEs)显著高于2006年哈尔滨市区污染土壤值,二者相差1~2个数量级. 由于垃圾处理年限和处理量差异较大,垃圾焚烧发电厂A周边土壤中w(PBDEs)显著高于垃圾焚烧发电厂B. 与国内其他用地类型污染土壤相比,垃圾焚烧发电厂周边土壤中PBDEs处于中度污染水平. 主成分分析结果显示,PBDEs主要来源于商用十溴联苯醚及其降解物和商用五溴联苯醚. 

Characteristics and Possible Sources of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Soils in Vicinity of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Power Plants

In order to analyze the impacts of PBDE emissions from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) on the surrounding environment, 20 surface soil samples were collected from two municipal solid waste incineration power plants (MSWI A and MSWI B) in Harbin from August to September 2012, and PBDEs in these samples were subsequently analyzed. The results showed that the concentration of ∑₁₂PBDEs (sum of 12 PBDEs congeners) in the soils ranged from 5.32 to 169 ng/g, with mean value of 62.9 ng/g. The dominant congener was BDE-209 (5.18-169 ng/g), which accounted for more than 95% of ∑₁₂PBDEs. PBDE concentrations in the vicinity of the MSWIs were one to two magnitudes higher than those in other places in Harbin measured in 2006. The PBDE concentrations in the soil in the vicinity of MSWI A were significant higher than those near MSWI B, since the plants had different waste treatment processing capacity. When compared with other results reported for other places in the world, it was found that the PBDE levels in the present study were moderate. Principal component analysis was applied to investigate the potential sources of PBDEs in soils, and the results indicated that PBDEs were mainly originated from the commercial Deca-BDEs and its degradation products and commercial Penta-BDEs.