生物吸附法去除重金属离子的研究进展

本文对生物吸附去除重金属污染的研究和应用现状进行了综合评述.首先,介绍了细菌、真菌、藻类这3类研究较多的生物吸附剂,比较了它们对重金属离子的吸附容量,并简要介绍了一些新型的吸附剂.然后,讨论了生物吸附的影响因素、吸附机理、吸附剂的预处理和固定化、吸附等温式和吸附动力学模型等.最后,介绍了生物吸附法的应用情况.本文还展望了生物吸附法研究和应用的两个可能发展方向,一是利用包括生物吸附在内的多种工艺的综合技术,特别是利用活细胞来处理实际废水.二是开发出类似于离子交换树脂的商业化生物吸附剂,并努力开拓商业市场.

Research advances in heavy metal removal by biosorption

In this paper, the biosorbents widely used for heavy metal removal are reviewed. The biosorption performance, influencing factors, mechanisms, pretreatment, modification, regeneration/reuse, modeling of biosorption (isotherm and kinetic models), the development of novel biosorbents, as well as the potential application and future of biosorption are discussed in detail. Although biosorption application is facing great challenges, there are two trends for the development of the biosorption process for heavy metal removal. One trend is to use hybrid technology for pollutant removal, especially using living cells. Another trend is to develop the commercial biosorbents using immobilization technology, and to improve the biosorption process including regeneration/reuse, as well as to exploit the market with great effort.