乡村振兴导向的水土资源承载力评价及其优化

农牧交错区水土资源系统平衡对于保障区域农牧业发展至关重要。以宁夏盐池县为例,以乡村振兴目标为导向,运用物元模型开展水土资源系统承载潜力评价,揭示影响水土资源系统承载力变化的驱动因素,以及影响水土资源的短缺因素,探讨乡村地域水土资源失衡的区域分异特征,以及经济社会与资源生态双重导向的优化路径。结果表明：（1）盐池县水土资源系统承载力呈叉字型对称空间分布态势,整体承载力处于中等水平,具有较大的开发潜力,其中花马池镇、惠安堡镇的承载能力较高,麻黄山乡、王乐井乡和大水坑镇的水土资源承载力明显较低。（2）盐池县乡村地域水土资源耦合协调差异明显,整体处于拮抗耦合阶段,镇区耦合协调度较高,乡村地区则相对较低。（3）水资源与土地资源利用缺乏同步性,水资源利用滞后地区应选择水资源适应性管控措施和生态保育+水源涵养的山水林田湖综合体构建,土地资源利用滞后地区应结合土地工程治理措施与产业结构调整,推进落实“三主三分”土地资源优化布局。研究结果可为农牧交错区农业转型发展和乡村振兴工程落地提供参考依据。

Evaluation of water and land resources system bearing capacity and path optimization for rural revitalization

The balance of water and land resources system in pastoral ecotone is the guarantee for the development of regional farming and animal husbandry. Taking Yanchi county of Ningxia as an example, this paper evaluates the carrying capacity of water and land resources based on matter element model and studies the driving factors affecting the change of carrying capacity of water and land resources, analyses the factors affecting the carrying capacity of water and land resources and their regional differences, and explores the optimization path of dual guidance of economy and society as well as resources and ecology. The results show that:(1) The carrying capacity of water and land resources of Yanchi county presented a symmetrical Xshaped pattern at a medium level and had great potential for development. Huamachi and Huianpu had higher carrying capacity, while Mahuangshan, Wanglejing and Dashuikeng had the lower.(2) There were obvious regional differences in the coupling and coordination of water and land resources in rural areas of Yanchi county in 2018, and the whole study area was in the antagonistic coupling stage. The coupling and coordination degree of towns was relatively high, while that of rural areas was relatively low.(3) There is a lack of synchronization between water resources and land resources utilization. Water resources lagging areas should take water resources adaptive management and control measures and "ecological conservation + water conservation" to protect mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands and lakes in a coordinated way.Land resources utilization lagging areas should actively explore the main function-oriented zoning, dominant type classification and principal purpose classification optimal distribution strategy of land resources in farming and animal husbandry space in combination with land engineering control measures and industrial restructuring. The strategy of synchronous optimization of resources use, ecological protection and socio-economic development based on the balance of water and land resources in rural areas of Yanchi county provides research reference for the development of agricultural transformation and the implementation of rural revitalization program in the pastoral ecotone.