虚拟水社会循环视域下的水资源承载力评价

中国水资源短缺且分布不均,水资源利用的矛盾已从供给不足转为承载过度。以“可持续利用”概念为框架,在生态完整、水资源持续有效供给的基础上结合虚拟水社会循环过程,完善水资源承载力评价体系,并对西北地区进行分析评价。结果表明：（1）陕西总体较好,但近十年间呈现不断下降趋势,其中环境压力承压最大;甘肃总体上呈下降趋势,在环境和社会压力方面变化尤为明显;宁夏一直处于濒临或轻度超载状态,通过虚拟水贸易有所缓解;新疆受虚拟水流出影响较大,一直处于濒临或轻度超载状态;青海基本处于承载富余状态。（2）虚拟水贸易对水资源承载力综合压力指数影响较大,结合虚拟水社会循环过程的水资源承载力评价更具有现实指导意义。（3）面对不同水资源禀赋及用水效率的地区,其发展模式可以适当不同,用水效率高的地区可偏发展激进型一些,用水效率低的地区建议更靠近环保激进型一些。

Assessment of water resources carrying capacity from the perspective of virtual water social cycle

The shortage and uneven distribution of water resources in China are very serious.The contradiction of water utilization has changed from insufficient supply to overload of Water Resources Carrying Capacity(WRCC). Based on the concept of sustainability, this study, combined with the society cycle process of virtual water, improves the evaluation method of WRCC and analyzes the WRCC of Northwest China. The method can be helpful to maintain the integrity of water ecology and the stability of water supply. The results show that:(1) The WRCC of Shaanxi is generally good. However, it has a downward trend in the past ten years, in which the environmental pressure is the largest. The WRCC of Gansu shows a downward trend on the whole, especially in terms of environmental and social pressure. The WRCC of Ningxia has been on the verge of overloading or slight overloading, and alleviated by virtual water trade. The WRCC of Xinjiang is greatly affected by virtual water outflow and has been on the verge of overloading or slight overloading. The WRCC of Qinghai is basically in a surplus state of carrying capacity.(2) Virtual water trade has a significant influence on the comprehensive pressure index of WRCC. The evaluation method of WRCC, combined with the society cycle process of virtual water, has a practical significance.(3) The regions of different endowments of water resources and the efficiency of using water can be appropriately different in development modes. We suggest that the regions with high and low use efficiency of water take the "radical development mode" and the "radical environmental protection mode",respectively.