Quantifying the sources of hazardous elements of suspended particulate matter aerosol collected in Yokohama,Japan |
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| Authors: | Md. Firoz Khan Koichiro Hirano Shigeki Masunaga |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China;3. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. CESAM, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;2. CIEMAT, Atmospheric Pollution Unit, Environmental Department, Av. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain |
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| Abstract: | We analyzed metals (Mg, Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Pb and Bi), water-soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, Cl?, NO3? and SO42?) and carbonaceous mass (EC and OC) in SPM aerosol samples using an ICP-MS, ion chromatograph and CHN corder, respectively. The SPM samples were collected from 1999 to 2005 at two locations (urban site A and industrial site B) of Yokohama, Japan with concentrations in mean and ranges of 34.2 and 19.7–50.3 μg m?3 and 22.9 and 12.7–35.1 μg m?3 for the respective location. Source apportionment of SPM aerosol was conducted appropriately for the first time to these locations employing PCA-APCS technique. Major sources of SPM at site A were a) crustal source, b) urban origin, c) undefined, and d) mineral rock. At site B, the sources were predicted as a) urban origin, b) undefined, c) crustal source, and d) secondarily formed aerosol. The tracers and nature of the source related to urban origin at both sites were similar but retaining different source strength. Secondarily formed aerosol was quite unique at site B. However, mineral rock was remarkable at site A. |
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