Multi-year hourly PM2.5 carbon measurements in New York: Diurnal,day of week and seasonal patterns |
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| Authors: | Oliver V. Rattigan H. Dirk Felton Min-Suk Bae James J. Schwab Kenneth L. Demerjian |
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| Affiliation: | 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Processes, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST), Shanghai 200237, China;2. Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (Branch), Prof. Ramnath Vij Marg, New Delhi, India;2. S.C.P.G. College, Ballia, India;3. Department of Geophysics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India;4. India Meteorological Department, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003, India;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, China;2. Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, USA;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 77803, USA;4. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;1. Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;3. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China;5. Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China;6. Tianjin Environmental Meteorology Center, Tianjin 300074, China;7. Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;1. Key Lab of Aerosol Science & Technology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an, China;2. State Key Lab of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi''an, China;3. Institute of Global Environmental Change, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;4. Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, Xi''an, China;5. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong;6. Lab of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) Villigen, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;7. Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland |
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| Abstract: | Multi-year hourly measurements of PM2.5 elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) from a site in the South Bronx, New York were used to examine diurnal, day of week and seasonal patterns. The hourly carbon measurements also provided temporally resolved information on sporadic EC spikes observed predominantly in winter. Furthermore, hourly EC and OC data were used to provide information on secondary organic aerosol formation. Average monthly EC concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 μg m?3 with peak hourly values of several μg m?3 typically observed from November to March. Mean EC concentrations were lower on weekends (approximately 27% lower on Saturday and 38% lower on Sunday) than on weekdays (Monday to Friday). The weekday/weekend difference was more pronounced during summer months and less noticeable during winter. Throughout the year EC exhibited a similar diurnal pattern to NOx showing a pronounced peak during the morning commute period (7–10 AM EST). These patterns suggest that EC was impacted by local mobile emissions and in addition by emissions from space heating sources during winter months. Although EC was highly correlated with black carbon (BC) there was a pronounced seasonal BC/EC gradient with summer BC concentrations approximately a factor of 2 higher than EC. Average monthly OC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 4.1 μg m?3 with maximum hourly concentrations of 7–11 μg m?3 predominantly in summer or winter months. OC concentrations generally correlated with PM2.5 total mass and aerosol sulfate and with NOx during winter months. OC showed no particular day of week pattern. The OC diurnal pattern was typically different than EC except in winter when OC tracked EC and NOx indicating local primary emissions contributed significantly to OC during winter at the urban location. On average secondary organic aerosol was estimated to account for 40–50% of OC during winter and up to 63–73% during summer months. |
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