Central power generation versus distributed generation – An air quality assessment in the South Coast Air Basin of California |
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| Authors: | Marc Carreras-Sospedra Satish Vutukuru Jacob Brouwer Donald Dabdub |
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| Institution: | 1. Computational Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA;2. ICF International, 394 Pacific Ave., Suite 200, San Francisco, CA 94111, USA;3. Advanced Power and Energy Program, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA;1. State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;2. Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, China;3. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Ks. Janusza 64, 01-452 Warsaw, Poland;2. Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Wolczynska 133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland;1. Computational Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-3975, USA;2. Resource Dynamics Corporation, 6010 Executive Blvd, Suite 705, Rockville, MD 20852, USA;3. Ramboll Environ, 773 San Marin Drive, Suite 2115, Novato, CA 94945, USA;4. Electric Power Research Institute, 3420 Hillview Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;5. Electric Power Research Institute, 1325 G St NW, Suite 1080, Washington DC 20005, USA;1. Università degli Studi del Sannio, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Piazza Roma 21, 82100 Benevento, Italy;2. Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Dipartimento di Architettura e Disegno Industriale, via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy;3. Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell''Informazione, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (CE), Italy;1. International Centre for Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems – SDEWES Centre, Zagreb, Croatia;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;3. Adria Section of the Combustion Institute, Zagreb, Croatia;4. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Zagreb, Croatia |
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| Abstract: | This study assesses the air quality impacts of central power generation and compares them with the impacts of distributed generation (DG). The central power plant emissions factors used are from a newly installed combined cycle gas turbine system. Because location of power plants is a key parameter affecting air quality impacts, this study considers three potential locations for the installation of central power plants. Air quality impacts are evaluated for the South Coast Air Basin of California, in the year 2010, using a three-dimensional air quality model. Results are compared to air quality impacts from two potential DG scenarios to meet the same power demand as that of the central power plant case.Even though emissions from central generation are lower than emissions from the DG technology mix considered herein, central generation concentrates emissions in a small area, whereas DG spreads emissions throughout a larger cross-section of the air basin. As a result, air quality impacts from central generation are more significant than those from DG. The study also shows that assessment of air quality impacts from distributed and central generation should not only consider emissions levels, but also the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions and the air quality that results from atmospheric chemistry and transport – highly non-linear processes.Finally, analysis of population exposure to ozone and PM2.5 shows that central generation located in coastal areas upwind from populated areas would cause the highest population exposure and even though emissions from central generation are considerably lower than DG emissions spread throughout the basin, results show that central generation causes a higher pollutant exposure than DG. |
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