Experimental evidence for a significant contribution of cellulose to indoor aerosol mass concentration |
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| Authors: | Mário Cerqueira Daniel Marques Alexandre Caseiro Casimiro Pio |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;2. Environmental Sciences Division, Central Road Research Institute, Mathura Road, New Delhi 110025, India;3. Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada;4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;1. Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia;2. Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;3. Middle Technical University, Al-Za''franiya, Baghdad 10074, Iraq;4. CSIRO Manufacturing, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;2. Degrémont SA, 183 avenue du 18 juin 1940, 92508 Rueil-Malmaison cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | An apartment bedroom located in a residential area of Aveiro (Portugal) was selected with the aim of characterizing the cellulose content of indoor aerosol particles. Two sets of samples were taken: (1) PM10 collected simultaneously in indoor and outdoor air; (2) PM10 and PM2.5 collected simultaneously in indoor air. The aerosol particles were concentrated on quartz fibre filters with low-volume samplers equipped with size selective inlets. The filters were weighed and then extracted for cellulose analysis by an enzymatic method. The average indoor cellulose concentration was 1.01 ± 0.24 μg m?3, whereas the average outdoor cellulose concentration was 0.078 ± 0.047 μg m?3, accounting for 4.0% and 0.4%, respectively, of the PM10 mass. The corresponding average ratio between indoor and outdoor cellulose concentrations was 11.1 ± 4.9, indicating that cellulose particles were generated indoors, most likely due to the handling of cotton-made textiles as a result of routine daily activities in the bedroom. Indoor cellulose concentrations averaged 1.22 ± 0.53 μg m?3 in the aerosol coarse fraction (determined from the difference between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations) and averaged 0.38 ± 0.13 μg m?3 in the aerosol fine fraction. The average ratio between the coarse and fine fractions of cellulose concentrations in the indoor air was 3.6 ± 2.1. This ratio is in line with the primary origin of this biopolymer. Results from this study provide the first experimental evidence in support of a significant contribution of cellulose to the mass of suspended particles in indoor air. |
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